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up, all the fmall Fibres mould be 

 intirely cut off from their Roots, 

 which, if left on, will turn mouldy, 

 and decay ; fo will obftrucl. the new 

 Fibres in their Grow th : the extreme 

 Parts of the Roots muft be morten- 

 ed, and all bruifed or broken Roots 

 cut off ; and if there are any mif- 

 placed Roots, which crofs each 

 other, they mould alfo be cut away. 

 As to the Pruning of the Head of 

 thefe Trees, there need be nothing 

 more done, than to cut oft' any 

 Branches, which are fo iituated, as 

 that they cannot be trained to the 

 Uneof the Efpaiier : in the Planting 

 there muft be care taken not to place 

 their Rods too deep in the Ground, 

 efpecially if the Soil is moift ; but 

 rather raife them on a little Hill, 

 which will be neceftary to allow for 

 the raifing of the Borders afterward. 

 The beft Seafon for planting thefe 

 Trees (in all Soils which are not very 

 moift) is, from Ociober to the Mid- 

 dle or Latter-end of November, ac- 

 cording as the Seafon continues 

 mild ; but fo foon as the Leaver fall, 

 they may be removed with great 

 Safety. After the Trees are planted, 

 it will be proper to place down a 

 Stake to each Tree; to which the 

 Branches fhould be faftened, to pre- 

 vent the Winds from making or 

 Joofening their Roots, which will 

 deftroy the young Fibres ; for when 

 thefe Trees are planted pretty early 

 in the Autumn, they will very foon 

 jmfh 'out a great Number of new 

 Fibres ; which, being very tender, 

 lire foon broken ; fo the Trees are 

 greatly injured thereby. If the Win- 

 ter fhould, prove fevere, it will be 

 proper to lay fome rotten Dung, 

 Tanners Bark, or fome Sort of 

 Mulch, about their Roots, to pre- 

 vent the Froft from penetrating of 

 the Ground, which might damage 

 thefe tender Fibres : but I would not 



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advife the laying of this Mulch be- 

 fore the Froft begins ; for if it is laid 

 over the Roots, foon after the Trees 

 are planted (as is often pra&ifcd), 

 it will prevent the Moiftarc entering 

 the Ground, and do much Harm to 

 the Trees. 



The following Spring, before the 

 Trees begin to pufh, there fhould be 

 two or three fhort Stakes put down 

 on each Side of the Tree, to which 

 the Branches fliould be faftened down 

 as horizontally as pofiible, never cut- 

 ting them down, as is by fome pra- 

 clifed ; for there will be no Danger 

 of their putting out Branches enough 

 to furnim the Efpaiier, if the Trees 

 are once well eftabliftied in their new 

 Quarters. 



In the Pruning of thefe Trce?$ 

 the chief Point is, never to ftiorten 

 any of the Branches, unlefs there is 

 an abfoluteWant of Shoots to fill the 

 Spaces of the Efpaiier: for where 

 the Knife is much ufed, it only mul- 

 tiplies ufelefs Shoots, and prevents 

 their Fruiting ; fo that the beft Me- 

 thod to manage thefe Trees is ; to go' 

 over them three or four times in the 

 growing Seafon, and rub eft all futh 

 Shoots as are irregularly produced j 

 and train the others down to the 

 Stakes, in the Poution they are to re- 

 main : if this is carefully performed 

 in Summer, there will be little left 

 to be done in the Winter ; and by 

 bending of their Shoots from time 

 to time, as they are produced, there 

 will be no Occafion to ufe Force, to 

 bring them down, nor any Danger 

 of breaking the Branches. The Di- 

 ftance which, thefe Branches mould 

 be trained from each other, for the 

 largeft Sorts, mould be about feveri 

 Inches ; and for the fmallcr, four or 

 five. If thefe plain Inftruetior.* are" 

 followed, it will fave much unne- 

 ceftary Labour of Pruning ; and the 

 Trees will, at all times, make art 



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