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(d) Where the wind blows strong it is an additional reason to plant 

 at a still greater distance, because in that case the trees must be topped 

 lower, and of course will spread out more in width. 



[The distance at which coffee trees are planted in the mountains is 8 

 feet by 8, 7 feet by 7, or 6 feet by 6, but at lower elevations it may be 

 5 by 5, or even 4 by 4 feet]. 



Lining. — To mark off the ground for planting, take a line of 

 convenient length and divide it at the chosen distances of 6, 7, or 8, 

 feet with small scraps of scarlet cloth. 



Commence by getting two men to stretch the line along the ground 

 at the top ; drive in pegs, 18 inches long, at each spot marked by the 

 scrap of scarlet. 



Next move the line down to the distance determined on, either 6 or T 

 or 8 feet, measuring this distance, by sticks of the proper length, at both 

 ends and in the middle. Put in pegs at the scarlet scraps ; and so on, 

 through the whole ground. 



Holes. — Holes should be dug at the pegs 9 to 12 inches in diameter, 

 and 15 to 18 inches deep. 



Nurseries. — Plants should be raised from seed in nurseries. The 

 most level piece of ground should be selected, where the soil is crumbly. 

 Make shallow trenches about 6 inches apart, put in the seeds about one 

 inch from each other, and lightly cover with soil. The seeds should be 

 quite ripe and fresh and be taken out of the cherry. The nursery 

 should have two oblique gutters made above it to carry off the rain. It 

 must be kept very clean of weeds, and no corn nor anything else grown 

 in it. April is the best month for sowing. 



Removal from Nursery. — "When the seedlings are about a year old, 

 and have 4 little branches, they may be taken up to plant out. If 

 possible, they should be dug up with a ball of earth, so that the roots 

 are not disturbed, and so planted in the holes. But if they have to be 

 carried a long distance, the balls of earth make them too heavy. In 

 this case put a spade deep below the roots, and raise the earth, take the 

 seedling by the stem, and carefully remove the earth. Cut about an 

 inch off the tap-root, a little also off the other roots, [and about half 

 off the leaves.] If the seedlings have to be kept before planting can be 

 carried out, lay them in a shady place, cover the roots with moist earth, 

 and lay plantain leaves over all. 



Planting. — The earth taken out of the hole, and placed on the slope 

 below it, is not to be returned to the hole, but the soil is scraped up from 

 all round, and put into the hole about 4 or 5 inches deep. Then the 

 plant is taken with the left hand and placed in the hole so as to just touch 

 the soil at the bottom with the tap-root. With the right hand scrape 

 up the soil round and fill into the hole to the depth of 6 inches, taking 

 care that the roots are spread out in a natural position. Then lightly 

 press down with both hands. Soil is again filled in, and again pressed 

 down more strongly, but with care that the plant be not hurt, nor placed 

 crooked. Three or four inches of the hole are left open, which will be 

 filled in naturally, as weeding goes on. The plant must be so placed 

 that its two lower branches are rather below the level of the ground. 

 The peg is to be placed at the upper edge of the hole, as a fence against 

 stones rolling down, and as a mark if the plant should happen to die. 



