-6g- 



Cystoptcris fragilis is very abundant along all streams and 

 small ravines whenever there happens to be a sheltered spot. The 

 pinnae from specimens of very shady location are much lighter 

 and the sori much larger and darker than in exposed places. 



Aspidium rigidum, an evergreen fern which seems to prefer 

 shady woods is very plentiful up to 2,500 feet elevation in all 

 soils. Above that I have not been able to find any sign of it. It 

 is a very particular species as to fruiting qualities. Some places 

 I have watched all season but never have found any sign of fruit, 

 while in other localities I have found the sori quite abundant. I 

 have traced Aspidium munitum from the valleys in the foothills 

 to 6,060 feet elevation, mostly on northern slopes and very rocky 

 lava or clay soil. In higher altitude it forms a low and compact 

 growth, while lower down it makes a growth of two feet or more 

 with rhizome much stouter and sori much more conspicuous. 

 Its growing season is in winter, but I have found fine specimens 

 at all seasons of the year. Aspidium X evade use might be termed 

 a true water fern, as it can not be found here only along streams 

 and among old drift wood of all sorts. I have collected it from 

 the lowlands to the highest summit along water courses. The 

 variations are very few as to elevation or climatic change ; the 

 only thing that I have observed was that the higher altitude pro- 

 duces narrower fronds. They are nearly lanceolate, while below 

 they are much broader with the rhizome somewhat stouter. In 

 all places it rests in winter, renewing activity in April. 



I have located Cheilanthcs Calif arnica in a few gigantic 

 cliffs on the south slope of Little Butte mountain, east of here. 

 It appears to be very rare in this section of country. The soil on 

 the cliffs is lava overlapping the granite. In very warm weather 

 the fronds fold up in a tight ball, and when a cool change comes 

 they come out bright and nice. Its growing period is in rainy 

 weather. Cheilanthcs Clcvclandii is very rare in this part of the 

 State. I have found it only on one cliff east of this place. I 

 find that it folds its fronds in dry weather about as C. Calif arnica 

 does. Cheilanthcs gracillima, a fine little species, is quite plenti- 

 ful on the face of cliffs, growing with the other Cheilanthcs; some 

 seasons its fronds fold up, but it takes extremely dry weather to 

 make them change. I believe it will resist as much heat if not 

 more than any of our other Californian ferns. 



