growth of the stem, articulated to the leaves, cohering, in 

 groups, brown centrally, with tawny margins ^2 their height, end- 

 ing in filiform usually flexuous appendages, the edges beset 

 with unicellular bristles ; branches variable in number and length, 

 the sheaths mostly like those of the stem except the teeth always 

 persist and the leaves are usually grooved centrally; spikes 

 usually green, oval, up to an inch long and half as wide, sharply 

 apiculate. Ramosum and polystachyum forms occur in this as 

 well as in afhnc. 



Rare east of the Mississippi, where it is replaced by var. 

 aifine. Very common west, where it has been reported from near- 

 ly every State. I have seen it from but six localities in the 

 Eastern States, Wallingford. Pa., T. C. Palmer; Towson, Md., 

 C. E. Waters; Peoria, 111., F. E. McDonald; Illinois, without lo- 

 cality, Dr. Brcndell; Mattsville, Ind., Guy Wilson; Sarnia, Mich., 

 C. K. Dodge; accredited to New Jersey by Milde, and also found 

 in the Himalayas. 



Var. minus Eng. is simply the same thing reduced, often grow- 

 ing with it. As there is already a variety minus of hiemale this 

 name will not stand, and the form is of too little moment to merit 

 another. 



Stems of this can usually be recognized at a glance, but it is 

 hard to embody the description in words that will enable one to 

 separate it from afdnc at once. From Calif ornicum it can only 

 be separated by use of a lens, as their appearance is identical. 



10. Calif ornicum Milde. Plants of various appearance, now 15 

 inches high and 4 lines wide, now j l / 2 to 8 feet tall and 8 lines 

 wide, 25-40 angled ; the ridges with two distinct rows of tuber- 

 cles or occassionally with transverse bands of silex, the grooves 

 abundantly supplied with rosulae, either in regular rows or scat- 

 tered, often indistinct on old stems because of a heavy deposit of 

 silex ; sheaths as broad as long, with a broad or narrow black or 

 dark brown ring just above the base, an ashy band in the middle 

 and another usuallly narrow dark band at top. In young plants 

 the sheaths are usually concolorous with the stem save for the 

 terminal band ; leaves linear. 3-angled with two rows of tubercles 

 on the middle angle ; commissural groove narrow, slightly or not 

 at all widened above; teeth persistent, dark brown, firm, united 



