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are four-angled, but in America they are as often three-angled. 

 It is the variety triangulare of Waters, although many other 

 forms bear triangular branches. There appears to be no clear 

 line of demarcation between the large woods form and the low 

 meadow form {boreale Bong.), which usually has but a 5-8 angled 

 stem. The size and absence of branches below are evidently 

 caused by a very cool, rich, moist soil and no competition, and in 

 a measure by shade. In proportion as it grows in the sun and 

 drier soil the branches become shorter and more ascending, the 

 internodes less developed, especially below, bringing the branches 

 nearer the ground, and giving a general brush-like appearance. 



3. Pseudo-silvaticumW&te. Stem erect, 1^-2 ft. tall, green, 

 12-angled, naked below. Branches horizontal, 6 inches long or so, 

 5-angled, solid, with more or less regular verticils of branchlets 

 in the lower part, these often again bearing branches. In shade, 

 among trees, bushes, or by walls, in rich earth, connected by a 

 more or less complete series with variety decumbens. Though 

 apparently rare in its well-developed form, it is probably present 

 in some of its stages wherever the type is found. It has been 

 sent me from British Columbia. 



4. Boreale Bong. Sterile stem simply branched, with smooth, 

 triangular, ascending or erect branches. Teeth of sheaths acute, 

 black. This is evidently nothing but the meadow form of 

 nemorosum, the branches erect from growing in sun. Milde says 

 Lyall collected it in British Columbia. It is apparently the most 

 common form three, as I have received beautiful specimens from 

 several localities, collected by A. J. Hill and J. K. Henry. I also 

 have it from Berkeley, Calif., collected by Blasdale. 



5. Decumbens Meyer. Stems prostrate, densely branched 

 at base, or even for one or two internodes below the surface. 

 Branches often overtopping the main axis. Of this variety 

 there are two forms. The main axis is present in the first, 

 bearing 6-8 angled branches below, which often exceed the 

 stem. In the second form there is no primary axis, but a 

 multitude of secondary stems arise direct from the rhizome 

 and, thickly subdividing, form a bush. They are both found 

 in cultivated fields; the former in damp, sandy localities, the 

 latter in drier, sandy or loamy situations, on railroad embank- 

 ments, by roadsides, etc. The cause of the first is not evident. 

 A cold, wet, sterile soil which has recently been stirred seems to 

 produce it, especially late in the season, in August or September, 



