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jthis as showing what an energetic man can do on only seven acres of 

 land. P. Pedersen, a teacher in a village in Tunen, holds land of an or- 

 I dinary quality, with clay sub-soil, since 1876. One acre is used for build- 

 ings and an orchard. The other six acres are divided into five lots, one 

 i| being kept for hay and grazing ; the other four are cultivated in a four- 

 j year rotation. After rye and soiling crops, one acre was planted with 

 i roots, potatoes, and green peas ; the third year with barley and vegeta- 

 I bles, and the fourth with grass and vegetables. High manuring and 

 thorough cultivation made it possible to keep four high-class dairy cows 

 and one heifer. The liquid manure was kept in a cistern, and applied 

 i to the grass land, the fruit trees, and plots devoted to seed-growing. 

 I The solid manure was applied to the root crops, the soiling crops, and 

 the vegetables. He kept two brood sows, and fattened yearly eight to 

 i ten head of swine. He purchased yearly200 lb. of kainit, 4001b. of Tho- 

 : mas slag, and 200 lb. of Chili saltpetre, which he used for the grain 

 crops, for his cows were fed both winter and summer to some extent on 

 grain. He tethered them in summer for two hours daily on good pas- 

 I ture. (Tethering the cows and calves to a 20 ft. rope is very general in 

 1 Denmark, even on large farms, as it is considered that it is the most 

 i economical way of using the pasture to begin at one side and gradually 

 I moving on to the other side). The entire herd is shifted five times a 

 day, each cow being given 3ft. or 4ft. of fresh pasture at each change. 

 Pedersen's five head of cattle consumed 10,788 lb. of grain feed mixture 

 ground together, valued at £33 4s., and hay and roots at £12 16. — all 

 of which, except some oilcake, was produced upon the place. The cows 

 gave 30,438 lb. of milk, for which he would receive, at the co-operative 

 , creamery, £58 16s., but he made more of it in butter and cheese at 

 home. The heifer sold for £9. The swme ate 8,845 lb. of grain, together 

 with the whey and skim milk, not otherwise used, and offal from the 

 garden, on which he put a total value of £40 16s. He slaughtered 

 three for home consumption, and sold seven, also twenty-one suckling 

 pigs, f r £49 6s The sum realised for fruit, vegetables, and seed was 

 no inconsiderable item, but was not mentioned by Pedersen, and may 

 be at least set against the expense for manure. He and his family had, 

 however, everything from the seven acres and £30 6s. in cash, even if 

 the milk had been sold to a creamery. 



THE MILK SUPPLY COMPANY OF COPENHAGEN. 



This company delivers somewhat less than one-fourth of the milk 

 consumed in that city, at a slightly enhanced price ; but it is absolute- 

 ly pure and wholesome. Forty-two dairy farms, with 4,600 cows, supply 

 the milk under the strictest rules as to cleanliness, feeding, cooling the 

 milk, &c. The company employs three veterinary surgeons and some 

 trained dairymaids to constantly examine the dairies and surroundings 

 and to look after the healthy condition of the cows. At the station at 

 Copenhagen samples from each farm are tested by smell, taste, and by 

 the Babcock tester, besides being occasionally analysed. No milk is ac- 

 cepted until twelve days after calving, or from cows almost dry. The 

 cows must not be fed with distillery slops, turnips, kohl-rabbi, rutaba- 

 gas, or the leaves from root crops ; and if the milk is for children oil- 

 cake is prohibited, and only one peck a day of mangolds and onrrots is 

 allowed. The time for calving must also be distributed as evenly as pos- 



