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place, the stock should be wrapped with strips of waxed cloth, like those 

 used in budding, one or more strips being put across the top of the 

 ■ stock to keep the sand out of the cleft until the grafts starts to grow. 

 The moist soil is then thrown up around the graft, leaving only the 

 upper end exposed. The wrapping cloth will decay in a short time, but 

 it is probably best to remove it soon after the grafts begin to grow. 



Tongue, cr Whip, Grafting 



In grafting small stocks the tongue, or whip, graft is generally used. 

 If properly made, the tongue serves to hold the scion firmly in place and 

 forms a good union. After the scion and s ock are placed together, 

 they are firmly wrapped around the point of union with strips of waxed 

 cloth, as in the case of buds. The wrapping should be left on until the 

 graft has started well, when it should be removed. By removing the 

 soil somewhat around the collar the tongue graft may be used on small 

 nursery trees to place the union below the surface. 



Crown Grafting. 



When the tops of comparatively large trees (3 inches or more in 

 diameter) are killed to the ground by freezing or in any other way 

 which leaves the roots uninjured, they can be most quickly replaced by 

 crown grafting. This method of grafting may be used to advantage 

 on large limbs also. In crown grafting, as prdcticed in Florida, a scion 

 about 5 inches in length is sharpened at the basal end by a long, slant- 

 ing cut OD one side. In crown grafting other fruits a slight shoulder 

 is usually left on the scion, and this rests on the stock when the scion 

 is inserted. When frozen or killed down, the stock to be grafted is 

 sawed or cut ofi 2 or '3 inches below the surface of the soil, where the 

 wood is fresh and living. With the aid of a knife blade the bark is 

 then slightly lo 'sened from the wood at one place and the scion 

 is pressed in between the bark and wood, with the cut surface 

 against the latter. The best places to insert the scions are in the 

 concave portions of the trunk, as here, in order to allow their insertion, 

 the bark can be pressed out without breaking. Several scions may be 

 inserted on one trunk if desired. The bark, if unbroken, will 

 hold the scion firmly against the wood and no wrapping will be 

 required. If, however, it should be necessary to split the bark 

 to allow the insertion of the scion, it should be wrapped with string or 

 waxed cloth to hold it firmly in position. Moist earth is then banked 

 up over the stump until only the upper portion of the scion remains ex- 

 posed. In using crown grafts above the soil, strips of waxed cloth or 

 grafting wax must be used to prevent the scions fTom drying out. 



Root Grafting. 



Propagating citrus fruits by root grafting has never been thoroughly 

 tested, so far as the writer is informed. In March, 1895, the writer was 

 led to make several tests of this method, which, owing to the condition 

 of some of the roots used, though not thoroughly satisfactory, yet strong- 

 ly indicated that the method might frequently be used to advantage. 

 About the first of April lateral roots, varying from one-half to three- 

 fourths of an inch in diameter, were taken from sweet-orange trees and 

 cut into sections about one foot in length, each having a fair quantity 



