87 



of fibrous roots remaining uninjured. These were immediately tongue 

 grafted with dormant sweet-orange scions obtained from California, and 

 were then planted, the union being placed slightly below the soil. The 

 majority of the grafts started growth promptly, but about one-half of these 

 made very slow progress, the growth appearing unhealthy. The roots 

 used were taken from trees about sixteen years old which had been fro- 

 zen to the ground two months before, and this, it is thought, aflected 

 the results. While not recommending the general use of this method, 

 the writer would suggest that the results obtained indicate that a bear- 

 ing grafted tree may be secured in this way in far shorter time than by 

 any method now practiced. The method would seem particularly 

 promising where lemon, lime, or pomelo stocks, which root easily, are 

 used. 



All the methods of budding and grafting described may be greatly 

 changed in detail. No attempt has been made to describe all yaria- 

 tions, only those methods being given which have proved most satis- 

 factory and are most commonly used. 



Inarching. 



Inarching consisti of uniting limbs of the same or different trees by 

 a process similar to budding. Several methods of inarching are used, 

 but only the one in most common use will be described. The two 

 limbs to be inarched must be close together, in such a position that one 

 may be easily bent over against the other. The operation is practicable 

 only where one of the limbs is comparatively small — under one inch 

 in diameter. The small limb is cut ofi by a slanting stroke in such a 

 place that the cut surface faces the other limb when bent over against it at a 

 point where the union is to be made. A vertical and a cross cut like an 

 inverted T (j^) is made in the bark of the large limb or stalk at the 

 point where the two limbs touch. The end of the small limb ii then 

 pushed up into the slit as in shield budding described elsewhere and 

 strips of waxed cloth are wound around the union to hold the limbs 

 firmly in place. The wrapping should be allowed to remain for a 

 month or more till the limbs have become very firmly grown to- 

 gether. Inarching is frequently used in cases where trees are girdled 

 by foot rot, wood lice, or white ants (Termites) or in any other way. 

 In foot rot, young sour-orange stocks, which are immune from this 

 disease, may be planted by the side of trees in the first stages of the 

 malady and inarched into them IJ or 2 feet above the ground. In this 

 way they may almost certainly be saved from the disease. If the 

 bark of the diseased tree will not slip, a wedge-like union, similar to the 

 cleft graft, should be tried, the incision in the stock being made with a 

 chisel. In case of girdling by white ants or animals, sprouts from the 

 roots may be inarched, or small trees may be planted by the side of the 

 injured tree and inarched, as in the case of foot rot. Inarching is also 

 frequently employed where it is desired to throw the strength of two 

 or more sprouts into the development of one top, as in the case of 

 numerous sprouts coming up around large frozen trunks. Limbs may 

 be braced and strengthened by binding them together by meang of 

 inarching branches. 



