146 



tree, driving it into the hole previously dug. If no hole is dug before 

 washing out is attempted, the soil is likely to bank up around the tree 

 and make it difficult to expose the roots sufficiently. In all cases the 

 roots should be left exposed till recovery takes place, except possibly 

 during a portion of the winter when severe freezes are Mkely to occur, 



2. Cut away all diseased spots in the bark or the roots or trunk and 

 cover the wounds with one of the following antiseptic solutions : (1) Sul- 

 phurous (not sulphuric) acid, 15 parts to 85 parts of water. This may 

 be sprayed on the roots. (2) Carbonic acid, 1 part of crude acid to 1 

 part of watei . When diluted 1 to 5 this may be sprayed over the roots. 

 (3) Sulphur wash made by putting 30 pounds of flowers of sulphur m 

 an iron or wooden vessel and mixing enough water (about 12 quarts) 

 witb it to make a stiff paste. To this add 20 pounds of finely pulver- 

 ized 98 per cent caustic soda and stir vigorously. In a few momenta 

 the mass becomes hot, turns brown, and then boils up and becomes li- 

 quid. As soon as the violent boiling has ceased, add enough water to 

 bring up to 20 gallons and strain into a barrel that can be kept tightly 

 corked. For covering cut places use 1 part of tbis stock preparation 

 to 1 part of water. The roots may be sprayed with one part of stock 

 solution to 10 of water. (T^) All these solutions should be kept in 

 wooden or glass vessels and should not be allowed to come in contact 

 with metals. It is possible that any of these applications will prove of 

 benefit even if the diseased spots are not cut out. In this latter case 

 however, care should be taken to saturate the bark of all diseased spots 

 with the solution. 



3. When the diseased trees are old and closely set, so that the ground 

 is much shaded, every other tree should be removed and replanted 

 in a new grove. 



4. Avoid highly nitrogenous organic fertilisers in diseased groves, 

 using preferably nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia as a source of 

 nitrogen. 



5. All tools used in infected groves should be cleaned and washed 

 with crude carbolic acid before ftiey are used in healthy groves. 



6. In setting new groves dead treas should be replaced with trees 

 budded on sour orange stock. (^) 



7. Avoid excessive and deep cultivation in diseased groves. Injuries 

 to the roots, such as are often caused by deep ploughing, seem to 

 greatly favour the spread of the disease. 



MELANOSE.(^) 



Melanose which in some groves is causing considerable damage, was 

 first brought to the attention of the writers in November, 1892, by 

 Mr. J. A. Barnes, who sent specimens to us from Citra. It apparently 

 attacks all citrus fruits, but develops somewhat more freely on the grape 



(1) Two quarts of the stock solution to 50 gallons of water makes a very effec- 

 tive remedy for rust mite, and 1 gallon to 50 gallons of water for the six- spotted 

 juite. 



(2.) Sour stock does better than sweet on low, wet hammock lands, and as well 

 on flatwood land. For high, dry lands grape-fruit stock may be used, since sour 

 stock does not do well and grape fruit is almost exempt from foot rot. 



(3) From the Greek, black and disease. 



