may be recognised by the very large, dark, pointed leaves, and the 

 reddish brown stains on certain of the new growth twigs, which latter 

 die back for a considerable distance. Brown eruptions occur very 

 abundantly on young and old twigs, all of which finally dieback. Swel- 

 lings produced by gum pockets in the wood occur very abundantly on 

 theyoungtwigs Multiple buds form in the axils of the leaves. Diseased 

 trees bear little fruit, and that formed soon assumes a pale green colour, 

 then a light lemon yellow, becoming coloured prematurely. The fruits 

 are very commonly more or less disfigured by the characteristic red- 

 dish-brown stain. A very large percentage split open and drop 

 before ripening. The loss from this malady is about J 100,000 

 annually in Florida. Withholding all organic nitrogenous manures, 

 ceasing to cultivate, and mulching the soil have been found beneficial 

 treatments. In cases where the disease bas been produced by wet soils 

 good drainage will frequently be found an effective remedy. 



3. Scab or verrucosis attacks principally sour oranges and lemons, 

 the common sweet orange being exempt. It occurs in the United 

 States, Australia, and Japan, from which latter country it was prob- 

 ably introduced into America. It causes small excrescences to appear 

 on the young leaves and fruits. These excrescences are at first of a 

 pale, watery green colour, but soon become coated with a dusky fungous 

 growth composed of a species of Cladosporium (the parasite which 

 causes the disease). The tissues of the warts infested by the fungus 

 are cut off from those below by a formation of cork, which ultimately 

 becomes so abundant as to give the excrescence a gray color. The 

 full-grown warts are -^^ to \ of an inch in diameter and are often con- 

 fluent. When attacked while still very youno^, the leaves and fruits 

 are greatly distorted by the disease. In the fruit, especially, the warts 

 cause the tissues below to grow too fast and to form large bumps. 

 Tiiese, with the gray excresences, so disfigure the fruit as to render it 

 nearly valueless. The fungous parasite causing scab is able to spread 

 and infect new spots only during moist weather. For this reason very 

 dry regions are nearly exempt from the malady. The loss from this 

 disease results principally from its action in disfiguring lemons. It 

 does most harm in Florida, where it causes an annual loss of not far 

 from ^50,000. The disease can be prevented on lemons by spraying the 

 young fruits from three to five times with ammoniacal solution of 

 copper carbonate. 



4. Sooty mould is a black fungus, which follows the attacks of certain 

 honeydew-secreting insects. It may be recognized by the sooty black 

 membrane which it forms principally over the upper surfaces of the 

 leaves, fruits, and stems. The disease greatly reduces the productivity 

 of the trees, and the oranges formed are so badly disfigured by the 

 covering of sooty mould as to be rendered unsalable. The annual 

 loss in Florida is not far from ^50,000. Thorough spraying with resin 

 wash has been found very effective. Between December and March of 

 each year three sprayings should be made. Fumigation with hydro- 

 cyanic acid gas has also been found an effective remedy. The applica- 

 tions should be mad© during the winter. A parasitic fungus has 

 been found which promises to be a very great aid in combating this 

 .malady. 



