204 



f ornia, Oregon and Washington, reaching British Columbia during the 

 last few years. It has extended southward to Nevada, Arizona and 

 New Mexico. In the Eastern States its occurence has in many cases 

 been traced to two large New Jersey nurseries from which infested 

 plants had unwittingly been sent out for certainly six or seven years." 

 The Southern States, such as Louisiana and Florida, appear also to be 

 infected, but so far not to the same extent as the Western States. 

 Altogether " the San Jose scale has in a few years gained a foothold in 

 no less than fourteen States east of the Rocky Mountains. Its latitu- 

 dinal range extends from 28° S. lat., to 50° N. lat. 



As regards the plants attacked, it is stated that, " practically all 

 deciduous fruit trees are subject" to its attacks ; also " many shade 

 trees and ornamental shrubs. The pear, peach, plum, apple and cherry are 

 almost equally liable to injury" ; also currant and gooseberry bushes. 



All parts of the plants become eventually covered, giving them the 

 appearance of a " grayish, very slightly roughened, scurfy deposit." 



Various methods are suggested as remedies and preventives. A lime- 

 sulphur wash is said to be used during the dormant season as a winter 

 application ; a resin wash both as a winter and summer wash, chiefly 

 the former ; while a kerosine emulsion is used in the summer only. 

 In addition, there is the hydrocyanic gas treatment applied to nursery 

 stock. In all cases of recent attack, and this is of special interest in 

 this country, " the affected stock should be promptly uprooted and 

 burned. No measure is so sure as this; and* the danger of spreading is 

 so great that this course seems fully warranted." 



As precautionary measures the IJnited States Department of Agri- 

 culture suggest the following : — 



No orchardist should admit a single young fruit tree or a single 

 cutting from a distance into his orchard without first carefully exam- 

 ining it and satisfying himself conclusively that it does not carry a 

 single specimen of the San Jose scale ; he should insist also on a 

 guarantee from the nurseryman of such freedom. In addition, no fruit 

 should be brought upon the premises without previous careful inspec- 

 tion." (I.e. p. 66.) 



As was naturally to beexpected, all European countries receiving vege- 

 table production, such as fruit, &c., from the United States have been 

 keenly anxious not to introduce so serious a pest as the San Jose scale 

 into their nurseries or orchards. 



As far as England is concerned, according to an extract pub- 

 lished in the Gardener's Chronicle of March 19, 1898, " Mr. Newstead, 

 an authority on scale insects, is satisfied that the insect has not yet 

 established itself in this countjy, either upon fruit trees or cultivated 

 plants of any kind, whether grown in the open air or under glass, or 

 upon indigenous plants." How long this immunity will last it is diffi- 

 cult to say. 



In the meantime, according to a letter to the Times, from Berlin, 

 dated February 3, an order has been issued by the German Grovern- 

 ment to control, by careful inspection, importation of all fresh fruit 

 from America. When the same is discovered to be infected with the 

 San Jose scale it is at once refused. The importation of windfalls, 

 packing material and plants is entirely forbidden. 



La Semaine JELorticole for May 7, states, however, that " L'entree des 



