6 



Cacao belongs to the order Sterculiaceje, of which the more important characters are the follow- 

 ing : — The calyx is in 5 (rarely 4 or 3) parts, valvate. The petals are wanting or are as many as the 

 calyx-divisions, and hypogynous. The stamens are numerous, and are united in one bundle (mon-adelphous) 

 or several (poly-adelphous) ;' the anthers are 2-celled. The carpels are distinct or more or less united. 

 The ovules are affixed at the inner angle of the cells, and are ascending or horizontal. The species are 

 herbs, shrubs, or trees. The leaves are simple or compound, usually alternate, with stipules. The 

 Byssi-Nut {Cola acuminata) belongs to this order. 



(3) Akee. (Cupania edulis, Schum. and Thonn.) 



The calyx is formed of 5 sepals arranged in 2 series, which slightly overlap in the bud (imbricate). 

 It is inserted below the pistil (inferior). The corolla is composed of 5 petals, each with a large scale 

 at the base, and is inserted on a fleshy ring (disc), which is below the pistil (hypogynous). The disc 

 completely surrounds the floral axis ; it is regular in form, with small projections. There are from 7 

 to 10 stamens, exceeding the corolla in length, and inserted within the disc at the base of the ovary ; 

 the filaments are downy. The ovary is three-celled (sometimes 4 or 5), and is shortly stalked; the 

 style is simple ; there is one ovule in each cell, affixed to the axis. The fruii is i capsule, fleshy, 

 3-celled, opening by 3 valves, which separate from the top. There is a single hard L.ack seed in each 

 cell, partially covered with an aril (which is edible); the seed is without endosperm (exalbuminous) ; 

 the embryo is thick and curved. 



This species is a tree ; the leaves are alternate, compound, with the leaflets arranged along each 

 side of a common leaf-stalk (pinnate), and ending with a pair of leaflets (abruptly pinnate). The flowers 

 are arranged single along a common stalk (raceme) ; they occur occasionally without perfect stamens 

 or a perfect ovary. 



The Akee belongs to the order Sapindace^e, of which the following are the chief characteristics : — 

 The flowers are often irregular. The petals are 4 or 5 in number (or are wanting) ; they are im- 

 bricate, inserted outside a disk. The disk is swollen, adnate to the base of the calyx, or lining its tube. 

 The stamens are usually inserted within the disk, and in number are double, equal, or fewer than the 

 sepals. The ovary is usually 3-celled, entire or lobed, often excentric. The ovules are generally 1 or 

 2 in each cell, affixed to the axis and ascending. The seed is exalbuminous, with the embryo usually 

 curved or spiral. The species are shrubs or trees. The leaves are usually alternate and compound. 



(4) Papaw. (Carica Papaya, L.) 



There are two kinds of flowers, the one kind is without a pistil, and the other without stamens. 

 In the staminate (or male) flowers, the calyx is very small, and is -lobed ; the corolla is salver-shaped 

 with the lobes twisted in the bud ; there are 10 stamens, inserted at the throat of the corolla in 2 series, 

 5 of which are alternate with the corolla-lobes and have short filaments, and 5 are opposite to the lobes 

 almost without filaments, the 2-celled anthers discharge their pollen inwards. In the pistillate (or 

 female) flowers, the calyx is of the same kind as in the male, but the corolla is composed of 5 distinct 

 petals, which soon drop away (deciduous); the pistil is composed of 5 united carpels (syn-carpous) ; the 

 ovary is free from the calyx (superior), and is one-celled with numerous ovules ; the style is very short, 

 there are 5 stigmas which are dilated and lobed ; the fruit is fleshy with numerous seeds ; the seeds 

 have an aril and contain endosperm (albuminous) which is fleshy ; the embryo is in the axis of the seed. 

 The species is a small tree with milky juice ; the leaves are alternate, with long stalks, and the veins of 

 the leaf come from a common point (palmate). The flowers are arranged singly along a common flower- 

 stalk (raceme). The Papaw belongs together with the Granadilla, Sweet Cup and other Passion-Flowers 

 to the order Passifloreje. The following are its principal characters : — The flowers are regular, some- 

 times unisexual. The corona, inserted at the base of the petals, is sometimes altogether wanting. The 

 stamens are definite in number. The ovary is free, and one- celled. The seeds have a fleshy endosperm. 

 The species are herbs or shrubs, sometimes trees. The leaves are alternate, often lobed, and with or 

 without lateral tendrils. 



(5 ) Woman's Tongue, Sirissa Tree of India. (Albizzia Lebbek, Benth.) 



The sepals are united (gamo-sepalous) to form a 5-toothed, funnel-shaped calyx, which is inserted 

 below the pistil (inferior). The corolla is composed of 5 divisions (gamo-petalous), it is funnel-shaped, 

 and inserted below the pistil (hypo-gynous). The stamens are numerous, united (monadelphous) at the 

 base, inserted on the calyx round the pistil (peri-gynous) ; the filaments are much longer than the 

 corolla with minute anthers. The pistil is composed of one carpel, and is free from the calyx (superior) ; 

 the ovary contains several ovules, the stigma is capitate, minute ; the fruit is a pod (legume), large, 

 straight, thin, flat, strap-shaped, scarcely bursting ; the seeds contain no endosperm (exalbuminous) 

 they are compressed and rounded. 



This species is a tree. The leaves are compound ; the leaflets are arranged in pairs along each side 

 of a stalk (pinnately), and these stalks again are arranged in pairs along a primary stalk, so that the 

 leave are said to be twice-pinnate (bi-pinnate). The flowers are in globular heads. 



Albizzia belongs together with Peas, Beans, Poinciana, &c., which have a pod-like fruit (legume) 

 to the order Leguminos^e. The following are the chief characteristics of the order : —The flowers are 

 regular or irregular. The calyx is gamo-sepalous. The corolla is peri-gynous or hypo-gynous. The 

 stamens are inserted with the corolla, in number double that of the petals or indefinite ; the anthers 

 are 2-celled. The pistil is generally of 1 carpel, excentric and 1-celled, becoming a pod, or an inde- 

 hiscent fruit, often jointed; the style is terminal. The ovules are numerous (or only one), affixed at 

 the interior angle. The seeds are usually ex-albuminous. The species are herbs, shrubs, or trees. 

 The leaves are usually alternate, compound, and stipulate. 



(6). Star-apple. (Chrysophyllum Cainito, L.) 



The calyx is composed of 5 sepals, united (gamo-sepalous), which overlap in the bud (imbricate) ; it 



