7 



5 distinct petals (poly-petalous ), attached to the calyx round the ovary (peri-gynous). There is a fleshy 

 ring (disc) lining the calyx-tube. The stamens are 10 in number and free from one another ( dec- 

 androus ), inserted on the edge of the disk, perigynous, 5 perfect opposite the petals, alternating with 

 5 without anthers ; the filaments are hairy at the base; the anthers are one-celled, opening by a long 

 chink. The pistil is free from the calyx (superior), and is composed of 3 united carpels (syncarpous) ; 

 the ovary is stalked, one-celled, with numerous reversed (anatropous) ovules, inserted on 3 lines of 

 attachment (placentas), on the walls (parietal) ; the style is tubular, open at the apex. The long pod- 

 like fruit is dry, splitting up (capsule) into 3 valves, which bear numerous seeds along their middle. 

 The seeds are 3-winged, without endosperm ( ex-albuminous). 



There is only a single genus in the order Moringe-S, of which the following are in brief the cha- 

 racters : The disk lines the calyx-tube. "There are 10 stamens, of which 5 are without anthers. The 

 ovary is one- celled, with 3 parietal placentas. The ovules are numerous. The order belongs to the 

 Dicotyledons, Polypetalae. 



( 20.) Jamaica Snap-dragon, Spirit Leaf. (Ruellia tuberosa, L.) 



The calyx consists of 5 united sepals (gamosepaluus) which are distinct nearly to the base (5-partite), 

 inserted below the pi stil (inferior.) The corolla consists of 5 united petals (gamo--petalous), twisted and 

 overlapping in the bud (contorted imbricate) ; it is funnel-shaped, the tube is narrow for a short distance 

 and then expands, the limb is spreading, with 5 roundish lobes. The stamens are 4 in number, of which 

 one pair is longer than the others (didynamous) ; they are affixed to the corolla (epi-petalous) at the upper 

 portion of the narrow part of the tube; the anthers are arrow-head-shaped (sagittate). There is a 

 flesby ring (disc.) surrounding the base of the ovary. The pistil consists of 2 united carpels (syn carpous) 

 it is free from the calyx (superior) ; the ovary is divided into 2 cells by a partition (septum) with several 

 ovules in each cell ; the ovules are reversed (anatropous) inserted on lines of attachment (placentas) 

 running along the middle of the septum. The style is thread-like (filiform) with one large stigmatic 

 lobe and another very short. The fruit is dry, splitting up (a capsule) along the back of each carpel 

 {loculicidal dehiscence) the 2 valves curving back with half the septum in the middle of each, bearing 

 the seeds There are several flat roundish seeds, without endosperm (ex-albuminous), the stalks of the 

 ovules (funiculus) have grown out and hardened into hooks. This species is a berb. The leaves are 

 opposite, entire, oval, tapering into the very sbort stalks. The flowers are in axillary panicles, the 

 branches of which are forked in pairs (dichotomous) . The bracts are small and narrow. 



Ruellia belongs to the order Acantiiace^e, in which is also included the well-known genus Thun- 

 bergia. The following are the characters of the order : The flowers are irregular and often enclosed 

 within bracts. The calyx is inferior, usually composed of 4 or 5 imbricate sepals. The corolla is gamo- 

 petalous and irregular. The stamens are either 2, or 4 (didynamous). The ovary is superior of 2 

 united carpels. The capsule splits with elasticity into 2 cells, exposing a few roundish seeds, hanging to 

 the cells by cup-shaped or hooked processes (retinacula). The seeds are exalbuminous. 



The order belongs to the group Gtamo-petalak, of the Dicotyledons. 



(21.) Pine Apple (Ananas sativa). 



A Pine-apple plant must first be examined when the head which afterwards becomes the fruit is 

 quite young. Cut the bead longitudinally. All the central portion is a thickened stalk with the 

 flowers embedded in it and witb a leafy shoot at the top. Each flower is inserted above a small altered 

 leaf (bract), which also is partially embedded in the stalk. The lower flowers are the oldest. The 

 sepals, thick and hard, are 3 in number, free above the ovary, imbricate. The 3 petals are distinct, 

 inserted with 6 free stamens round the top of the ovary. The ovary is surrounded by the base of the 

 calyx and sunk into the stalk ; it is 3-celled with several ovules in each cell. The ovules grow straight 

 without any bending on themselves, so that the micropyle is at the end away from their attachment 

 (ortho-tropous). The style is thread-like with 3 stigmatic branches at the apex. The ovaries and stalk 

 enlarge to form the pine-fruit (syn-carpium). The seeds are small, compressed ; the embryo is small, 

 near the hilum (the scar where the seed is attached), and partly immersed in the abundant endosperm. 

 The stem is short and leafy. The leaves are long, spiny-serrate. 



Ananas belongs to the order Bromeliace^;, to which also belongs the Pinguin and the Tree-pine. 

 The characters of the order are as follow : The flowers are regular with 3 sepals and 3 petals. There 

 are 6 stamens. The ovary is 3-celled, generally inferior, with numerous ovules. The seeds are albu- 

 minous ; the embryo is small, situated in a hollow of the copious endosperm near the hilum. The 

 species grow on trees or rocks, sometimes on the ground. 



The order belongs to the Monocotyledons. 



W. F. 



