January, 1912.] 



13 



Oils and Fats. 



Soy bean is turned under for green 

 manure it must be well limed. This 

 will obviate the bad effects sometimes 

 experienced when a very heavy crop 

 of legumes is ploughed under, 



Method of Cultivation. 

 The Soy bean is largely employed in 

 Japan as a soil renevver aud is cultivated 

 in rotation with cereal crops. An econo- 

 mical method of growing Soy beau, 

 adopted in Japan, is co show it between 

 rows of maize. Two crops are thus ob- 

 tained at ouce, besides which the soil is 

 enriched by the increase of nitrogen. 

 This method could no doubt be extended 

 in India aud used with some prospect of 

 success in the cotton districts of Bombay 

 and in the tea gardeus of Assam. 



Harvesting. 



The time tor harvesting the Soy beau 

 crop necessarily depends upon the use 

 for which the crop is intended. Under 

 ordinary conditions the earlier varieties 

 will nature in 75 to 90 days from the 

 time of planting, it is desirable, how- 

 ever, in bar vesting the crop for seed to 

 cut before the pods are quite ripe, if 

 they become too ripe, they will burst 

 open in drying and a portion of the seed 

 may be lost. If the green portion of the 

 plant is to be used for feeding purposes, 

 it is a good practice to cut when the pods 

 are half mature, as in that case the hay 

 will contain a larger amount of digestible 

 nutriment and will be much more palat- 

 able than if allowed to stand until the 

 pods are thoroughly mature. 



The amount cf forage obtained from 

 Soy bean will, of course, vary widely 

 according to the conditions under which 

 the crop is grown. Under favourable 

 circumstances as much as 12 or 13 bushels 

 of fresh fodder may be produced per 

 acre, and 25 to 40 bushels of seed. It has 

 been shown under the head of experi- 

 ments that irom 500 to 1,000 lbs. of seed 

 per acre may be obtained in India in a 

 good year. 



Races and Varieties. 



The different races of the Soy bean are 

 distinguished according to the colour of 

 the seeds and shape and size ot the pods. 

 Dr. C. D. Harz, in his '' Landvvirth- 

 schaftliche Samenkunde," Berlin, 1885, 

 adopted a botanical arrangement of the 

 Soy plants so as to include all the then 

 known forms of seeds, Two so-called 

 race-groups and eight races are thus 

 enumerated. 



Race-group. Soja platycarpa, Harz., 

 Flat-fruited. 

 1. Olivacea, Harz,, olive-brown Soy 

 beans, weight of 100=15 01 gram- 

 mes. 



2. Punctata, Harz., punctated Soy 



bean. 



3. Melanosperma, Harz., black-seeded, 



lootr Soy bean, weight of 100 == 

 14 25 grammes. 



4. Platysperma, (S. compressa nigra 



M.) black n it Soy bean. 



5. Parvula, Martens, seed as above, 



but smaller. 



Race-group. Soja tumida, Harz,, 

 swollen fruited bean, 



6. Pallida, Roxb. (<S\ sphaerica rives- 



cens, Mart.) Pale yellow, yel- 

 lowish, greenish-yellow bean, 

 weight of 100 = 11-7 to 25'69 

 grammes. 



Races and Varieties. 



7. Castauea (S. elliptii a castanea, M.) 



brown Soy bean, weight of 100 = 

 8 15 to 16 70 grammes. 



8. Atrosperma, Harz. (S. sphaerica 



nigra aud <S\ sph. minor, Mart.) 



Black seeded, weight of 100 = 



16 - 30 to 21 grammes. 

 For the classification prevalent in 

 Manchuria, the following arrangement 

 is taken from "Manchuria, its people, 

 resources and recent history " by Sir 

 Alexander Hosie (1904) :— 



Yellow bean (Haung-Tow).— (a) White 

 eyebrow, (6) Golden yellow, (c) Black 

 belly. 



Green bean (Ching-Tow). — (a) Epider- 

 mis green, inside yellow, (b) Epidermis 

 and inside both green. 



Black bean (Wu-Tow). — (a) Large, 

 inside green, (b) Small, inside yellow, (c) 

 Flat, inside yellow. 



In the Province of Szechuen in Western 

 China the following well-marked varie- 

 ties of Soy beans are cultivated : — 



1. Yellow Soy Been. 



(a) White yellow bean (Pai Huang 



Tou). This is the lightest 

 coloured of the yellow beans. 

 They are ovoid in shape, not 

 much larger than the common 

 pea and weigh 150 to the ounce 

 (100 seeds = 18*88 grammes). As 

 a rule they are cooked whole 

 and served as a vegetable. 



(b) Large yellow bean (Ta Huang 



Tou) —There is a slight tinge of 

 green in these beans which are 

 larger and heavier than the 

 preceding. 122 weigh one ounce 

 100 seeds = 23 "22 grammes). 



(c) Small yellow bean (Hsiao Huang 



Tou).— This kind has the same 

 ovoid shape but is much 

 smaller than the others. 260 

 weigh an ounce (100 seeds = 



