Miscellaneous. 



62 



[January, 1912. 



Vilayati . . Nicotiana rustica 



Village agricul- 

 ture ... See Willis' Agriculture 



in Tropics 

 Villous ... With long weak hairs 



Vine (American) Climber 

 Virgate ... Twiggy- 



Viscera ... Entrails 



Viscid ... Sticky 



Viscin ... Substance between re- 



sin and caoutchouc 

 Viscous ... Sticky 



Vittse ... Oil tubes 



Vulcanisation ... Combination of rubber 



with sulphur 

 Wangee canes ... Phyllostachys nigra 

 Wardian case ... Closed case with glass 



top for carriage of 



plants 

 Wattle ... Acacia 



Weathering ... Turning and exposing 



to the weather 

 Weevil ...Certain beetles with 



elongated snouts 

 Wheat ... Tryticum vulgare 



White Ant ... Insect of family Ter- 



mitidse 



White Damma 



(Ind.) ... Vateria indiea 



White Mangrove Avicennia officinalis 

 White Yam ... Dioscorea alata 

 Whorl ... Circle of leaves 



Wind-belt, Wind- 

 break .., Belt of trees to check 

 wind 



Winnow ... To sift out chaff 



Wire- worm ... Larva of Elaterid bee- 

 tle 



Witches Broom.. Outgrowth due to a 

 fungus attack 



Watering ,.. Causing tea leaf to 

 wither 



Worm ... The coiled-up cooler in 



a still 



Wound response In Para rubber, the fact 

 that latex runs more 

 freely after wound- 

 ing 



Wrapper ... Outer leaf of a cigar 



Yala ... The August-September 



harvest 



Yam ... Dioscorea 



Yam Bean ... Pacbyrhigus, etc. 



Yam, white ... Dioscorea alata 

 Year Bean 



(W. Ind.) ... Phaseolus vulgatus 



Yellow Bark ... Cinchona Calisaya 

 Yellow Bark 



Louse ... Aspidiotus Camellise 



Yellow Mite .. Tarsonymustranslucens 



Yerba Mate ... Ilex Paraguayensis 



THE INTERNATIONAL AGRICUL- 

 TURAL CONGRESS AT MADRID. 



Zebu 

 Zemindar 



... Humped cattle 

 ... Land-holder 



(Prom the Journal of the Board of Agri- 

 culture, Vol XVIII., No. 6, 

 September, 1911.) 

 A preliminary statement as to the 

 Madrid Agricultural Congress, which 

 was held in May last, appeared in the 

 Journal for July (p. 317). The following 

 detailed summary of the proceedings is 

 based on an article by M. Henry Sagnier, 

 the distinguished Editor of the Journal 

 d' Agriculture Pratique, which he pub- 

 lished in that periodical, and which he 

 has most kindly permitted the Board 

 to utilise. 



The work of the Congress was distii- 

 buted among eight sections dealing with 

 the following groups of subjects : — (1) 

 Economics ; (2) Statistics ; (3) Surveys ; 

 (4) Forestry ; (5) Viticulture ; (6) Fruit 

 Culture ; (7) Breeding of Live Stock ; (8) 

 Manures. Material for the work of the 

 sections was provided by preliminary 

 papers, the conclusions arrived at in 

 which were discussed and formed a 

 basis for the resolutions that were to 

 be the final outcome of the Congress. 



Of these resolutions some consist of 

 recommendations for submission to the 

 Governments concerned with regard to 

 possible reforms ; others are suggestions 

 to landowners with respect to improve- 

 ments that can be introduced in the 

 cultivation of the soil. The permanent 

 Commission of the Congress is charged 

 with the duty of transmitting to the 

 International Institute of Agriculture, 

 at Rome, the resolutions having an 

 international object, with the further- 

 ance of which it is concerned. 



Economics. — The first section was de- 

 voted to rural economy. This included 

 a number of subjects of considerable 

 importance, and the programme was 

 particularly full, more than twenty-five 

 papers being submitted for consider- 

 ation. 



The first question dealt with was the 

 means of keeping agriculturists on the 

 land, including in the term landowners, 

 farmers and labourers. The problem has 

 many aspects, and it arises in different 

 forms in different countries. Among 

 the six papers on this question that 

 were presented, one of the most import- 

 ant was that of the Comte de Mon- 

 tornes, on a plan for the management 

 of a large estate, which has been put 

 into operation in the province of 

 Valencia. M. H, Hitier contributed an 

 interesting paper, which was much ap- 

 preciated, on the provision of suitable 

 housing accommodation as a means of 



