Mat, 1912.J 



447 



Miscellaneous. 



in the dryer lands at higher altitudes, 

 and provides the " caucho " of trade. 



Plantation rubber is being tried on the 

 lands of the Peruvian Corporations 

 Perene Colony with promise of success. 



The rubber is mainly exported through 

 the natural outlet of the Amazon River, 

 via the Peruvian Port of Iquitos, and 

 enters the market as Para rubber. The 

 exportation for 1909 was of 2,801,547 kgs. 



In the three regions into which the 

 Republic is divided, coffee is produced 

 with great success ; but where its culti- 

 vation has reached the largest develop- 

 ment is in the 1 * Montana " districts. The 

 best kind in the coast zone is grown in 

 Pacasmayo. » 



In the " Sierra " district the most 

 valued is that of Choquisongo. The 

 excess of the production over the total 

 home consumption, about 1500 tons, is ex" 

 ported to the United States, Chile, and 

 other countries. 



The vineyards are in the early stages 

 of development. Of late years the 

 cultivation has greatly improved and 

 shoots or cuttings have been imported 

 from Italy, Prance, Chile and United 

 States. The valleys of lea and Mo- 

 quegua are especially adapted for this 

 industry. In 1905 the Government de- 

 creed the establishment of experimental 

 fields in certain estates in the valleys 

 of Moquegua. The total production of 

 wine for 1910 amounts to 10,463,850 litres 

 and 1,711,783 litres of spirits. 



Maize is grown extensively and barley 

 to a limited extent. Wheat is grown in 

 several varieties, mainly upon the plat- 

 eaus. The most important rice fields are 

 in the Department of Lambayeque and 

 the Province of Pacasmayo. The average 

 amount of the annual crop may be put 

 down as between 30,000 and 40,000 tons. 



Dividivi, also known as " Tarra " is a 

 tree native of Peru, being found chiefly 

 in the Department of lea. It is used 

 for tanning. Every variety of tropical 

 fruit grows or can be grown in Peru to 

 perfection. Of the temperate fruits, the 

 apple, peach, pear, plum, cherry, fig and 



quince may be taken as typical, ex- 

 cellent varieties being grown. The 

 Department of Moquegua is particularly 

 remarkable for its olives. At present, 

 the production of olives does not suffice 

 to meet the local demand, and very 

 small quantities are exported. 



Peru is the natural home of the potato 

 which grows in many varieties. Of these 

 the most famous is the Peruvian yellow 

 potato. The whole world is familiar 

 with Lima Beans, the wide flat beans 

 of greenish or yellowish colour and rich 

 flavour. 



The yield of the Lima varieties is about 

 1,700 lbs. per acre. 



The total production of coca is estim- 

 ated at 12,000,000 kilogram. 



Cacao is not yet cultivated on a scale 

 in any sense commensurate with its 

 possibilities. 



Tumbez, Jaen, Huancabamba, Jeveros 

 and to some extent the Amazonas are 

 the chief sources of supply of tobacco. 



The forests of the Montana contain 

 trees of extraordinary size and beauty, 

 capable of furnishing plain lumber and 

 hard woods of almost every known 

 variety and in unlimited quantity. 



A very good grade of the so-called 

 Panama hats is made in the Province of 

 Piura, of which Paita is the port. They 

 are commercially known as Cataeaos 

 hats. Most of the straw which is stripped 

 from a squatty palm, with fan-like 

 leaves, called coquolla, comes from Ecu- 

 ador. The yearly export is about 250,000 

 hats. 



In Peru the raising of cattle, sheep, 

 horses, goats, llamas, alpacas and vicu- 

 nas is extensively practised. 



The best known stock raising districts 

 are in the Departments of Cajamarca, 

 Junin, Ayacucho and Puno, and in the 

 province ot Acomayo, Chumbivilcas, 

 Canas and Anta. 



The Peruvian cattle are of medium size, 

 strong for work in the field, but rather 

 of an inferior quality for food or dairy 

 purposes. In order to improve the stock, 



