On the Antennw and Trophi of Lepiclopterous Larva}. 7 



dibles that I have met with among Lepidoptera, and all of this arma- 

 ture is for the sake of chewing- the soft parenchyma of the leaves of the 

 morning glory; while Solenobia feeding on tough dr}' lichens has the 

 mandibles (not figured) very similar to those of Laverna (fig. 38), of 

 which various species, with really identical trophi, feed in leaves, in 

 flowers, or on the pith of stems. But all this is by the way and foreign 

 to my present purpose. I have referred above to the uniformity which 

 prevails in these structures in all grades of Lepidopterous larvae. One 

 rule, however, seems constant, namely, that precisely those structures 

 which are most imperfect in the larvae are most highly developed in the 

 imago. Thus in the imago the labrum, mandibles and labium are 

 obsolete or rudimentary; and these are precisely the organs which 

 attain the greatest development in the larvae ; whilst the maxillae and 

 maxillary and labial palpi receive their greatest development in the 

 imago, and the least in the larvae, and in some of the lower forms are 

 at first entirely wanting. In the imago one or both pairs of palpi, and 

 the maxillae, vary in the degree of development from an almost rudi- 

 mentary condition to one in which sometimes one, sometimes 

 another, and frequently all of them are of large size, and diverse forms 

 and clothing; whilst in the larvae there is no such variety; but with 

 the exception of the maxillae in the geneva' Cemiostoma and Tischeria 

 a wonderful sameness of form is preserved throughout the order (see 

 figs. 14 and 20-26). So with the antennae, which are essentialry the 

 same in all Lepidopterous larvae, as I think will be made evident 

 further on. 



Elsewhere* I have given an account of the changes which take place 

 in the trophi of certain Tineid larvae, but a brief recapitulation of the 

 leading facts seems necessary here. The}' are as follows: In the gen- 

 era, Phyllocnistis, Lithocolletis, Leucanfhiza, Coriscium, Gracillaria, 

 and Ornix, the larvae leave the egg with the trophi imperfect; the max- 

 illa 1 , maxillary palpi, labial palpi, and spinneret, are entirely absent, 

 unless in Ornix and Gracillaria the maxillae may be said to be present 

 in a very rudimentary condition. Mr. Dimmock (Psyche, loc. cit.) thinks 

 that in Gracillaria syringella the maxillae are represented by two 

 bristles or setae on each side of the labium at its base, which are repre- 

 sented in Ornix by what I have called (loc. cit.) the latteral tines (see 

 fig. 17). I have seen these bristles in other species of Gracillaria^ 

 though I have not had an opportunity of examining them in G. syn'n- 



^American Entomologist, new series v. 1, p. 253; Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist, v-2, p. 71 

 Psyche, v. 2, pp. 81, 137 and 227. See also a paper by Mr. Dimmock, in Psyche, v. 3, p. 99. 



