Description of Ten New Species of Fossils. 



87 



the body volution; volutions three, very rapidly increasing in size, the 

 last one forming nine tenths of the entire bulk of the shell. Suture 

 deep. Shell very thick and deeply cancellated. About twelve coarse 

 revolving lines commence at the aperture, but not more than three 

 reach the second volution, and I am inclined to think that only two 

 are prolonged so far as that. These are crossed by strong oblique fur- 

 rows that give the surface a deeply-pitted or cancellated appearance. 

 The aperture is somewhat half-elliptical, or forming rather more than 

 half an ellipse. (Fig. 4« shows the aperture much too circular, it is 

 not as wide above, and is more prolonged below than is shown by the 

 illustration). It is full two thirds of the length of the shell. The 

 shell is not perfect at the base, and is destroyed at several other places 

 on the specimen, but enough is preserved to show its general char- 

 acter. 



I collected this species in rocks of the age of the Ripley Group, 

 near Livingston, Alabama. 



Last season I had occasion to visit the towns of Macon and Meri- 

 dian, Mississippi, and Livingston, Alabama. By the railroad, Macon 

 is situated about 60 miles north, and Livingston about 40 miles north- 

 east of Meridian. I traveled in a buggy south from Macon about 12 

 miles, and northeast from Livingston to the Black Warrior, which is 

 about the same distance. In addition to this, I ascended to the top of 

 the hills at Meridian, and had a general view of the surrounding coun- 

 try, beside the observations I was enabled to make along the lines of 

 railroad travel. I am thus particular in mentioning the opportunities 

 for observation, because I saw no evidence throughout the whole region 

 mentioned, of the northern drift. The contour of the country and the 

 character of the strata evidence the local wear and tear of the seasons 

 since the elevation of the land, without the aid of any foreign eroding 

 force. It is, therefore, as I am very fully convinced, a driftless area. 



The fossils collected in the various exposures, from Macon south for 

 a distance of fifteen miles, and from the Black Warrior to Livingston, 

 Alabama, were mixed together, but the formations exposed are the 

 same on the two lines of travel. The rotten limestone is exposed at 

 Macon, and on the Black Warrior, while the Ripley Group caps the 

 highest part of the hills farther south, from either place. The two 

 groups shade into each other, and during the limited time of my ob- 

 servations, I did not discover the line of separation; indeed, I was not 

 expecting to see any exposures of the Ripley Group, and it was not 

 until I examined the fossils, at home, that it occurred to me that the 



