Men who Aided in Developing the Science of Geology. 113 



several important papers. From 1856 to the time of his death, no 

 man did more to make us acquainted with the geology and palaeontol- 

 ogy of the palaeozoic rocks of America than did Mr. Billings. His 

 writings are clear, his descriptions are accurate, and his publications 

 voluminous. 



Fielding Bradford Meek was born at Madison, Indiana, December 

 10, 1817, and died at Washington, D. C, December 21, 1876. He was 

 an assistant on the Geological Survey of Missouri, and on the Survey 

 of Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota, from 1848 to 1852. He was the 

 author of a Memoir on the Cretaceous Fossils of Nebraska, in con- 

 junction with Prof. Hall, in 1856. He did excellent palaeontological 

 work on the Geological Surve}' of Illinois, and also on the Surveys 

 of California and Ohio, but his greatest work seems to have been 

 in connection with Ha3 r den's Surveys of the Western Territories. His 

 "Palaeontology of the Upper Missouri, 5 ' appeared in 1865; "Report on 

 the Palaeontology of Eastern Nebraska," in 1872; and the most im- 

 portant work of his life, "Report on the Invertebrate Cretaceous and 

 Tertiary Fossils of the Upper Missouri Countiy," constituting Vol. 

 ix. of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories, ap- 

 peared in 1876, only a short time before his death. 



Timothy A. Conrad was born in August, 1803, and died at Trenton, 

 New Jersey, on the 9th of August, 1877. He commenced publishing 

 essaj-s on Marine Conchology and Tertiary Fossils as early as 1831, 

 which were continued without intermission to the time of his death. 

 He had charge of the palaeontological department of the Geological 

 Survey of New York, from 1838 to 1841. He described the fossils col- 

 lected by several government exploring expeditions, and also for several 

 State geological surveys. His writings are exceedingly voluminous, 

 and are distributed through a great many books. The greater part of 

 them, however, seem to be in the Proceedings and Journals of the 

 Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. He described invertebrate 

 fossils from all the formations, from the Silurian to the most recent, 

 and an immense number of recent shells. 



Sanborn Tenney was born in 1827, and died July 11, 1877, at Buchan- 

 an, Mich., while on his road from Williams College to the Rock3 r moun- 

 tains, on an exploring expedition. He is best known for his text- 

 books on Geology and Zoology. 



Moses Strong was born June 17, 1846, and was accidentally 



