The Chimpanzees at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden. 185 



her last moments must have been great agony in an effort to 

 draw breath. Many of the foregoing facts have come under 

 my own observation, others have been kindly furnished by 

 Mr. Sol. Stephan, the Superintendent of garden, who has 

 observed their habits so accurately. These animals were in 

 the garden five years, and while all were highly amused by 

 their antics, but few people appreciated how interesting they 

 were from a psychological and zoological point of view. 

 These are the only anthropoid apes ever exhibited by the 

 garden, except a young chimpanzee and young "orang" 

 {Samia Satyr its*) in 1877. 



It may be of interest to repeat the following anatomical 

 points in which these animals most closely resemble man. 

 The "chimpanzee," in the character of its cranium, its denti- 

 tion and proportional size of its arms. The "orang," in the 

 number of ribs (12 pairs), form of cerebral hemispheres and 

 ossified styloid process. The "gorilla," in the proportions of 

 the leg to the foot and the foot to the hand and cubic capacity 

 of cranium. The average volume of brain in Troglodytes 

 niger and Samia satyrus is about twenty-six or twenty-seven 

 cubic inches, about half the minimum normal brain of Homo 

 sapiens. In Troglodytes gorilla the volume of brain rises to 

 near thirty-five cubic inches. Of the Anthropomorpha, to 

 which these with the " Gibbons" belong, the "Gibbons" are 

 obviously most remote from man (I quote from Huxley). 

 The strength of the "chimpanzee" is amazing when the bulk 

 and weight of the animal is considered, and they take and 

 require each day a great amount of exercise in captivity when 

 in a healthy condition, a horizontal bar being their favorite 

 sport. They grasp it with hands and feet and whirl around 

 like an acrobat. Any weak or loose place in their cage is 

 quickly discovered by them, and they work at it persistently 

 to enlarge and open it. The spirit of mischief is very strong 

 within them, and in this respect they are strikingly like some 

 children. They have good memory and strong perceptive 

 powers, observing every thing going on around them. Once 

 a spider was brought into their cage with the straw, and the 

 male saw it and was much frightened, clinging to the keeper 



'•"'For an excellent account of Samia Satyrus see Wallace, " Malay Archipelago," 

 p. 40. 



