September, 1910.] 



211 



Edible Products, 



as richness in oil and albuminoids is 

 concerned. 



Soy beans contain very little starch. 

 As the above table shows they contain 

 only from 20 to 30 per cent, of " soluble " 

 carbohydrates. Only a small part of 

 the " soluble carbohydrates " consists of 

 starch. In some samples starch can 

 hardly be detected at all, while in others 

 it may amount to almost 5 per cent. In 

 our ordinary beans and peas starch 

 is the constituent present in largest 

 amount. 



The Soy bean is extensively used in 

 the East as a human food. The beans 

 imported into this country are being 

 used chiefly as an oil-seed, though it is 

 said they are being tried as human food. 

 To a small extent the beans are used as 

 a cattle food, with all the oil in them, 

 but as a rule they go to the oil crusher 

 first, who removes the greater part of the 

 oil. The residual cake or meal is used 

 as cattle food. 



Two processes are in use for removing 

 the oil from this as from other oil seeds. 

 In the ordinary processes the oil is re- 

 moved from the ground seed by heat 



and pressure, This process leaves the 

 residue in the form of a cake, which still 

 contains a considerable percentage of 

 oil. In the other process the beans 

 are ground to meal, and the oil is then 

 extracted from the meal by means of a 

 chemical solvent. The meal after the 

 removal of the solvent is used as a 

 cattle food. This process removes nearly 

 all the oil from the beans, and leaves 

 the cattle food in the form of a meal 

 which contains only about 2 per cent, 

 of oil. 



Soya oil is a lightly-yellow oil, and is 

 used in the East as a human food. It is 

 often called Chinese bean oil. During 

 the Russo-Japanese war it was used as 

 a food by both armies. In this country 

 it is used chiefly for soap making, and 

 is said to be suitable for the manufac- 

 ture of the highest class toilet soaps. 

 It is also said to be used to a certain 

 extent in Europe as a sweet oil for food 

 purposes, similar to olive oil and cotton 

 seed oil. It fetches at present a high 

 price. 



The following table gives analyses of 

 the cakes and meals left after the oil is 

 removed by pressure or by solvents :— 



Table II. 





Soya bean cake. 



Oil extrac v ed 

 Soya-bean meal. 





1. 



2. 



3. 



4. 



5. 



6. 



Moisture 

 Oil 



'Albuminoids 



Soluble carbohydrates 



Fibre 

 tAsh 



12 

 7-0 

 42-0 

 29-5 

 4-0 

 5*5 



11-56 



5-79 

 42 56 

 30-31 

 4-45 

 5"33 



12-26 

 8-70 

 41-50 

 28-72 

 3-81 

 5'01 



11-77 

 10-13 



40-56 

 28-99 

 3 '58 

 4'97 



12-82 

 249 

 44-88 

 30-22 



4- 39 



5- 20 



12-41 

 2-48 

 43-88 

 30-93 

 5-24 

 5-06 





100-0 



100-00 







100-00 



lOO'OO 



100-00 



100-00 



* Containing nitrogen... 

 t Containing silicious 

 matter 



6-7 



6-81 



6-64 



6-49 



7-18 



7'02 



0-4 



0-34 



0-28 



0-48 



0-31 



0-42 



The table No. 1 gives in round figures 

 an average analysis of Soya-bean 

 cake taken from a large number of 

 samples recently analysed in the writer's 

 laboratory. Nos. 2, 3, 4 are specimens 

 of individual aualyses. My recent ana- 

 lyses of the cake have shown it to vary 

 from under 6 to over 10 per cent, of 

 oil, and from about 40 to over 43 per 

 cent, of albuminoids. It is a nice light 

 coloured cake, which is low in fibre and 

 very free from sand and dirt. I have 

 never found as much as 1 per cent, of 

 sand in it. It is a particularly rich and 

 concentrated food, especially in albumin- 



oids. Of the cakes in ordinary use 

 only decorticated cotton seed cake and 

 decorticatedearthnutcake compare with 

 it in this respect. Its very concentration 

 indicates that some caution should be 

 observed in using it. It is so rich that 

 it is best fed to stock in moderate quan- 

 tity in admixture with less rich and con- 

 centrated foods. If used in this way 

 as an enricher, it may be safely fed to 

 dairy cattle, feeding cattle, and all other 

 classes of stock, and is one of the best 

 and cheapest foods the farmer can use 

 at present prices tor adding albuminoids 

 and oil to the rations of his stock. It 



