Edible Products, 



212 



[September, 1910. 



should be crushed or nutted, or ground 

 into meal when fed to stock. It may be 

 used as an enriching ingredient of a 

 mixed mash for dairy cattle. 



Analyses of the oil extracted meal re- 

 cently made by the writer are given in 

 Nos. 5 and 6 of the above table. This 

 meal is much poorer in oil than the cake, 

 but a little richer in albuminoids. It it 

 has been properly prepared and the sol- 

 vent has been completely removed, it 

 forms a good and useful food. As it is 

 so very rich in albumiuoids, it must be 

 fed with caution and in moderate quanti- 

 ties mixed with other foods as enricher. 

 In this respect the same precautions 

 should be observed as in the case of the 

 cake. 



As the Soya bean, and the cakes and 

 meals made from it, are all very rich in 

 nitrogen, they have a very high manu- 

 rial value. In addition to nitrogen they 

 contain some phosphoric acid and potash. 

 Soy-bean cake is at least as rich as 

 decorticated cotton-cake in nitrogen and 

 potash, and nearly as rich in phosphoric 

 acid. When fed to stock it has there- 

 fore an unexhausted manurial value simi- 

 lar to that of decorticated cotton-cake, 

 and considerably greater than that of 

 linseed-cake. 



In both America and Germany the 

 Soya-beau has been grown as a fodder 

 crop. It is cut and made into hay after 

 the time of flowering. Such hay is said 

 to be a very rich and valuable fodder. 

 The straw obtained when the beans are 

 allowed to ripen and are separated from 

 the haulm is also said to be a useful 

 fodder. In America the crop is iu some 

 cases fed on the ground to stock, which 

 are penned on it and allowed to eat it off. 



THE SOY BEAN INDUSTRY. 



(From the Indian Trade Journal, Vol. 

 XV., No. 185, October 14, 1909.) 



With reference to the notice on p. 

 842 of the Indian Trade Journal of 

 September 16th, and to previous notices, 

 relative to the Manchurian bean indus- 

 try, the following information is from 

 the report by the Acting British Vice- 

 Consul at Dairen (Mr. E. L. S. Gordon) 

 on the trade of that port in 1908, which 

 will shortly be issued ; — 



It may be well to give a word of advice 

 to those who may be desirous of engag- 

 ing in the bean trade at Dairen. Most 

 of the beans sent down to Dairen come 

 from the districts north of Mukden, 

 Changchun being the principal market. 

 People will incur losses if they merely 

 have an office in this part and buy beans 

 in the local market ; it will be essential 



for them to travel in the interior and 

 visit the couutry markets to make eco- 

 nomical purchases. 



The manufacture of bean cake aud 

 the extraction of oil from beans has 

 long been undertaken in Manchuria. A 

 chemical analysis of bean cake as at 

 present prepared gives the following 

 results :— 



Sample Sample Sample 

 No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. 



Water 



Oily substances 

 Albuminous sub- 

 stances 

 Carbohydrate 

 Fibre, vegetable 

 Ash 



Percent. Percent, Percent. 



1738 16-90 19-19 

 9 76 9-70 9-18 



40-98 

 20 73 

 6-65 

 4-50 



41-67 

 20-64 

 6-64 

 4-45 



45-00 

 15-62 

 6-23 

 4-78 



By the present method, using hand 

 presses, the amount of oil extracted 

 from the beans is about 8 per cent. At 

 one mill in Dairen, which is fitted with 

 hydraulic presses, nearly 10 per cent, 

 can be obtained. The quantity of oil in 

 the soya bean is from 16 to 17 per cent., 

 and by improved processes it should be 

 possible to extract practically the whole 

 of this, and still make from the frag- 

 ments as good a quality of bean cake 

 for fertilising purposes as is made now. 



In 1907 there were at Dairen two large 

 Japanese mills for the manufacture of 

 bean cake, in one of which steam is used 

 as the motive power, while in the other 

 electricity has been adopted, and a few 

 Chinese mills where the old native 

 method has been retained. During 1908 

 some seventeen Chinese factories have 

 been added, and more are in contem- 

 plation. The increase is likely to con- 

 tinue, though possibly not to the same 

 extent, for economic reasons. A better 

 pricecan be obtained for bean cakes made 

 at Dairen than for those brought down 

 from the interior, as the latter are apt 

 to get damaged in the course of trans- 

 portation ; the demand for bean cake as 

 manure in other countries is steadily 

 increasing. 



The manufacture of soap from bean 

 oil has been tried with good result3. 

 The soap is easily soluble in hard water, 

 A cake made in the laboratory at Dairen 

 weighs nearly 2k oz. troy, and the cost 

 of manufacture, including wrapping and 

 scenting, is said to be not more than 

 \d. per cake, or 1\d. per lb. 



THE AVOCADO PEAR. 



(Prom the Agricultural News, Vol. 

 VIII., No. 183, May 1, 1909.) 



The very wholesome character and 

 peculiarly attractive flavour of the 

 avocado pear have caused it to be 



