Miscellaneous. 



340 



[October, 1910. 



Pull herring bone A 19 



i Spiral left to right B 14 



Full spiral C 17 



Full herring bone A 13 



4 Spiral right to left B 13 



Full spiral C 13 



JULY. 

 13 417 

 13 185 



13 187 

 AUGUST. 

 19 578 



14 275 

 17 325 



Rainfall, 



June 

 July 



August 



AN EVENTFUL YEAR. 



(From the Hawaiian Forester, Vol. VII., 

 No. 6, June, 1910.) 



This year is eventful for agricultural 

 development in Hawaii in the direction 

 of having the land peopled with tillers 

 of the soil who will form a backbone of 

 citizenship. Hitherto agricultural ex- 

 pansion in the islands has taken the 

 form of tillage of large estates by cor- 

 porations and individual capitalists with 

 cheap labour of classes largely ineligible, 

 or at least indisposed, to citizenship of 

 Hawaii and the United States. Condi- 

 tions and events now seem to have con- 

 verged into a situation where a revolu- 

 tion, not necessarily sudden, may be 

 expected to take place in the agricul- 

 tural status of these islands. It will be 

 in two grand divisions. The first one 

 will affect the present main industry of 

 cane sugar production, the second will 

 manifest itself in stimulation of diver- 

 sified industries of the soil. Sugar cane 

 will continue to be grown and ground 

 on large plantations, but some of these 

 will become in whole or in parts groups 

 of small farms owned by the cultivators. 

 Corporations will retain the manufac- 

 ture of sugar, or else leave it to co-oper- 

 ation of the small farmer groups — not 

 likely the former arrangement prevailing 

 at least for a long time to come, Large 

 plantations whose land is owned by the 

 present capitalistic operators will more 

 and more come to derive their labour 

 from the independent farming popula- 

 tion and such elements capable of 

 citizenship as will immigrate hither 

 with a view to becoming industrial 

 settlers. Some of them, it is not im- 

 probable, will be moved by examples of 

 other plantations composed of cane 

 farms successfully worked by the owners, 

 to portion out their estates among 

 settlers upon some basis of pei-mauent 

 tenure conditional on their raising sugar 

 cane for the corporation mill. 



An event of this year which tends to 

 the changes in the sugar industry just 

 mentioned is the passage by Congress of 





711 





215 



400 



28-57 



229 



416 



24 47 



299 



877 



4615 



219 



494 



35-28 



207 



532 



31-29 



18-42 in. 





7-6f 



f 





15-95 







amendments to the Organic Act which 

 affect the administration of Hawaiian 

 public lauds. For some years past, as 

 the old and cheap leases of Government 

 land held by sugar plantations have 

 fallen in, such renewals as were granted 

 contained a clause enabling the govern- 

 ment to cancel the lease when it might 

 be deemed expedient to open the laud 

 for homesteading purposes. There was 

 nothing binding upon the government, 

 however, to require homesteading of 

 the land. In some cases the leaseholds 

 were surrendered for homesteading at 

 the outset, but somehow or other many 

 purchasers or lessees of homesteads 

 failed to maintain their holdings. Still 

 there was the restriction of the Organic 

 Act which prevents a corporation from 

 owning more than one thousand acres, 

 so that over that limit the corporation 

 could only regain control of the land 

 under lease with the homestead clause 

 in it. One of the land law amendments 

 of the Organic Act is to make the home- 

 steading of public lands compulsory on 

 the government whenever twenty-five 

 citizens make application for homesteads 

 upon a particular tract. This material- 

 ly changes the status of lauds held as 

 leasehold by sugar planters, who must 

 now give the lauds up whenever the 

 required number of intending home- 

 steaders apply for them. It is easy to 

 see then, that if the corporations occu- 

 pying public lands are to continue to 

 derive sugar cane therefrom, they can 

 only do so by amicable arrangement 

 with the homesteaders among whom 

 the lands are apportioned. There are 

 enough corporately held sugar estates 

 in the Territory whose holdings are 

 public lauds, ou which the leases will 

 expire within a short time, to make a 

 thorough test of the feasibility of mak- 

 ing sugar profitably from cane raised by 

 independent farmers. Failure will mean 

 an end of some sugar producing com- 

 panies, and success a revolutionary 

 change— one immensely advantageous 

 to the general interest of the Territory— 

 in the Hawaiian sugar industry. Not 



