and Magazine of the Ceylon Agricultural Society.— Dec, 1910. 



571 



Accidents will Map 



en 



but immediate and efficient first-aid treatment of kicks of 

 bites from cattle, of a cut from axe or machine, or of a 

 sting, etc., will prevent more serious developments. 



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XX 189 



BURROUGHS WELLCOME & CO., London 



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All Rights Reserved 



THE PRODUCTION OF RUBBER 

 IN ASIA. 



Dangers, Mistakes and Improvements, 

 connected with the above, form the subject of 

 a pamphlet by Mr D Sandmann, which we ac- 

 knowledge today from Messrs Freudenberg & 

 Co.'s Mills Department, It is published in Ber- 

 lin. We make a few extracts : — 



The advantage of pricking is tha^ thereby the 

 tapping takes less time, because itdoss not take 

 long to run the pricking-wheel over the bark to 

 make the holes. It is also thought that the lat- 

 ter process is less weakening for the trees, 

 because no \ ark is cut away. Consequently the 

 trees should be capable of yielding more latex, 

 because the bark, as is the case when the other 

 process of tapping is used, has not to form 

 anew. For all that, those opposed to this prick- 

 ing method maintain that the fixing of the gut- 

 ter does not only take more time, but that the 

 labourers often fail to keep it sufficiently clean 

 which results in the latex becoming dirty. 

 Further, they say that pricking is very often 

 more injurious to the tree than cutting, because 

 in using the latter method, it is always possible 

 to tell when the cut goes too far into the bark, 

 while the pricker often goes into the cambium 

 or even intotho wood, unknown to the workman. 



Indeed I am convinced of this, for in the Ex- 

 perimental Gardens at Henaratgodal saw trees, 

 which, I was assured, had been properly treated 

 with the pricking-instrument, and the bark of 

 which had completely died oft' in many places. 



To be sure, in olher cases, I found that under 1 

 the dead bark a new layer was beginning to form. 



Whether this formation of new bark weakens 

 the tree more or less, and takes a longer of 

 shorter time than it does after the tree has been 

 cut, is a question that remains to be decided. 

 The various results obtained with the Pricker 

 seem to depend upon the force with which it is 

 pressed against the tree, and by which the cam- 

 bium and wood are more or less damaged. 



In the working-up of some kinds of latex, 

 those produced by Castilloa and Kickxia trees, 

 for instance, it is sometimes necessary to wash 

 the litex ten times before the serum is suffici- 

 ently diluted to allow of coagulation. The many 

 successful experiments I have made with the 

 various kinds of latex seem to point to the fact 

 that the progress of coagulation is not always 

 hindered by the smallness ot the latex globu- 

 les, as is often supposed, but that the fault may 

 also lie in the composition of the serum. As 

 soon as the serum had become purified by 

 washing, that is to say, by being diluted with 

 water, I was able to coagulate it in the same 

 way as Hevea latex. It yet remains to be pro- 

 ved which substances in the serum hinder 

 coagulation. 



When the latex is ready for coagulation, 

 whether washed beforehand or not, it is dis- 

 infected and acidified, to separate the rubber. 

 Ifthe latex has to be washed many times before- 

 hand. and takes a long time to prepare, it must be 

 also disinfected before being washed ; it is also 



