Timbers. 



358 



[October, 1908. 



protection forests are also subject to a 

 number of regulations. When they 

 are in private hands clearings may be 

 made only with consent of the Canton, 

 logged areas must be reforested within 

 three years, and existing forest pastures 

 must be maintained. 



Where protection forests can be creat- 

 ed by planting, this may be ordered, 

 and where forests are converted to 

 farming land or pasture an equal area 

 may be ordered reforested. Where 

 barren ground is required to be forest- 

 ed for protective purposes, the Bund 

 assists by paying from 30 to 50 per 

 cent, of the cost. Between 1876 and 

 1902, 16,000 acres were reforested at a 

 cost of $1,000,000, in round numbers, the 

 Bund having paid one-half. 



Crazinghas been regulatedf or centuries. 

 In protection forests it is entirely prohi- 

 bited ; but on all the rest of the forests 

 great success has attended the efforts of 

 the forest service to safe-guard both pas- 

 turage and the forest by supervision and 

 range improvement. Despite differences 

 in local conditions, the experience in 



Switzerland in forest grazing is there- 

 fore, strongly in support of the policies 

 which are directing the efforts of our 

 own Forest Service, Indeed, the experi- 

 ence of all Europe shows the necessity 

 of controlling the public range. 



To sum up, forestry in Switzerland, 

 where every foot of agricultural land 

 is of the greatest value, has made 

 it possible for the people to farm all 

 land fit for crops, and so has assisted 

 the country to support a large popula- 

 tion, and one that is more prosperous 

 than would be the case if the valleys 

 were subjected to destructive floods. 

 In a country as small as Switzerland, 

 and one which contains so many high 

 and rugged mountains, this is a service 

 the benefits of which cannot be measured 

 in dollars. It is in Switzerland also, 

 in the Sihlwald, that forestry demon- 

 strates beyond contradiction how great 

 a yield in wood and money it may bring 

 about if applied consistently for a num- 

 ber of years.— The Hawaiian Forester 

 and Agriculturist, Vol. V., No. 5., May, 

 1908. 



