Miscellaneous. 



(?8 



[July, 1909. 



In Ireland an almost equal immunity 

 from loss is claimed by the Irish Agri- 

 cultural Organisation Society, which has 

 about 300 affiliated Credit Banks ; and 

 the few existing Credit Societies in 

 England can tell the same story. 



Deposits. 



To every Credit Bank there should 

 be attached a department for receiving 

 on deposit the savings of its members. 

 The money thus received would to some 

 extent supplement that borrowed by 

 the Society, and would assist it in its 

 lending operations. 



Central Bank. 

 As Credit Banks are started iu various 

 localities, they will strengthen their 

 position and increase their resources by 

 uniting to a Central Bank. Such Cen- 

 tral Bank could then receive on deposit 

 any surplus funds from the local Banks, 

 and assist them, if necessary, by making 

 advances. It would, iu fact, stand in 

 somewhat the same relation to the local 

 Credit Banks as these would to their 

 individual members. The principle of 

 unlimited liability, however, which is 

 essential in the case of the separate 

 banks, would be generally unsuitable as 

 regards their relation to the Central 

 Bank- In connection with the Village 

 Co-operative Credit Societies affiliated to 

 the Agricultural Organisation Society, a 

 Central Co-operative Agricultural Bank 

 has already been formed. 



Small Holdings and Allotments. 

 The useful part which Credit Banks 

 may play in the successful cultivation 

 of small holdings and allotments has 

 been recognized by Parliament, which 

 has included in the Small Holdings and 

 Allotments Act of 1907 certain provisions 

 relating to these and other co-operative 

 institutions. 



County Councils are given power 

 under the Act to promote the formation 

 and extension of Credit Banks, and they 

 may, with the consent of the local Gov- 

 ernment Board, assist such societies by 

 making grants or advances upon such 

 terms and such security as the Council 

 think fit. Even if they do not them- 

 selves lend money, County Councils may 



guarantee advances made to the Credit 

 ank from other sources. The credit of a 

 County Council being first-class security, 

 this provision should prove quite as 

 useful in practise as the one enabling the 

 Councils to advance money. 



The recognition of the principle of 

 credit banking iu an Act of Parliament, 

 added to the experience of Continental 

 countries extending over half a century, 

 during which the system has been 

 thoroughly tested, should be a sufficient 

 gurantee of its soundness and utility, and 



it may with confidence be expected that 

 the spreadiug of information on the 

 subject will be accompanied by a steady 

 increase in the number of Credit Banks, 

 which, wherever established, have been 

 attended with such signal success. 



Note, — This Leaflet has been prepared 

 with special reference to operations 

 under the Small Holdings and Allot- 

 ments Act 1907, and is therefore intend- 

 ed for England and Wales only. At the 

 same time, it may be said that the 

 Friendly Societies aud the Industrial 

 and Provident Societies' Acts apply also 

 to Scotland, and the Leaflet therefore 

 contains information of interest to Scot- 

 land as well as to England and Wales. 



- NOTES ON DRY-FARMING.* 



By William M. Jardine, 

 Agronomist in Charge of Experiments 

 with Dry-Land Cereals, Grain Inves- 

 tigations. 



(From the U. S. Department of Agricul- 

 ture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Circular 

 No. 10, June 12, 1908.) 



Dry-Land Agriculture in Montana. 



For the past three years the Montana 

 Agricultural Experiment Station, in 

 co-operation with certain railroad 

 systems, has been conducting experi- 

 men|||in dry-land agriculture in various 

 sections of the State. One of the sta- 

 tions is located near Forsythe, in the 

 Yellowstone Valley, about 100 miles east 

 of Billings. I visited this station on 

 my way to Bozeman and found there 

 some very interesting developments. 

 Up to the present time this particular 

 section of Montana has been devoted 

 almost entirely to grazing. However, 

 as a result of the two crops harvested 

 on this experimental farm, many of the 

 ranchers are now either selling out to 

 prospective farmers or have begun 

 farming themselves, 



The yields so far obtained there have 

 been most satisfactory. Turkey Red 

 wheat last year produced 58 bushels to 

 the acre, while a number of other winter 

 varieties yielded above 40 bushels. As 

 much as two tous of alfalfa hay has been 



* The observatio contained in this paper are 

 abstracted from a Progress Report made during 

 April of this year by.Vlr . Jardine, relating to farm- 

 ing in the arid sections o; Montana, Utah, and 

 Coloardo. Mr. Jardine Lias had a long experience in 

 arid farming in Utah from both a scientific and 

 a practical standpoint. His bulletin on Arid 

 Farming Investigations (No. 100 of the Utah 

 Agricultural Experiment Station) is one of the 

 most valuable yet issued on this subject.— B. $ 

 Galloway, Physiologist and PatkotMitt, mid Chief 

 <tf Bufeau, 44195 -C ro. 10-08. 



