Edible Products. 



124 



[August, 1909. 



Plot. 



Irrigated : — Outturn 

 per Acre in lbs. 



Average value 

 from 1904-07. 



Cost of Cultiva- 

 tion, Manure and 

 Irrigation. 



Average profit, 

 loss due to each 

 method. 



1907-08. 



Grain. 



Straw. 



Value. 



I. Transplanted ... 

 II. Biasi 



III. Broadcasted 



IV. Lehi 



1,550 

 1,140 

 1,120 

 980 



1,480 

 1,120 

 1,180 

 970 



Rs. 

 66 

 48 

 48 

 41 



Rs. A. 



54 8 

 41 12 

 34 12 



28 8 



Rs. A. 

 10 12 

 12 



8 12 

 12 5 



Rs. A. 



43 12 

 29 12 

 26 

 16 3 



_ 



Transplanting without irrigation has 

 increased the value of the yield by 

 Rs. 1712 per acre. Irrigation alone has 

 raised the value of the yield by Rs. 10'6, 

 even with & tern. When transplanting and 

 irrigation are carried out together, the 

 monetary value of the increase when 

 compared with the Chhattisgarh method 

 of biasi sowing without irrigation is 

 Rs. 24'6 per acre. 



The conclusion in brief to be drawn 

 from these results as far as they apply 

 to this division are : (1) that trans- 

 planting is a most profitable method 

 even without irrigation where medium 

 paddy is grown ; (2) if the Chhattisgarh 

 will but irrigate his biasi paddy, he can 

 improve the value of his crop by over 

 Rs. 10'6 per acre ; and (3) by adopting 

 transplanting with irrigation, he can 

 increase his profits by Rs. 24-6 per acre. 



(To be continued.) 



THE TEA INDUSTRY. 



Some Modern Developments. 



(Prom the Indian Agriculturist, Vol. 

 XXXIV., No. 2, February, 1909.) 

 The advent of science in the tea 

 industry is rapidly inaugurating new 

 methods and new ideas, and where, not 

 so very many years ago, the planting of 

 tea was carried on in old-fashioned and 

 rule-of-thumb methods, we have now a 

 Scientific Department devoted to the 

 promulgation of principles advocated by 

 the best schools of agricultural practice 

 in Eugland and America. In this connec- 

 tion it is interesting to review some of 

 the changes that have to be recorded in 

 the application of these principles to the 

 culture of the tea plant and the manu- 

 facture of the product itself. 



The Soil. 

 To take the question of the growing 

 medium, the soil, the planter of to-day 

 not only understands its physical tex- 

 ture and the functions of the different 

 chemical ingredients which go to make 



up its bulk, but he grasps the significance 

 of manurial possibilities, and endeavours 

 to compensate for deficiencies by the 

 studied application of organic and inor- 

 ganic matter to suit his purposes. The 

 old days when hoeing either deep or 

 light expressed practically all that the 

 word cultivation held for the planters 

 has gone, and cultivation in its truest 

 and best sense is now part and parcel of 

 the enterprising assistant's conversation. 

 The effect of water on the soil, of heat, 

 and the effects of draining and the 

 manipulation of the soil is discussed 

 with a grasp of the subject that is 

 worthy of a student of the Rothamstead 

 Agricultural College. Manuring is no 

 longer limited to line sweepings and 

 bheel soil, but on all sides we see experi- 

 ments being carried out with artificial 

 manures and the different means by 

 which organic matter can be added to 

 the soil to increase the humus, while the 

 question of the introduction of nitro- 

 genous trees and shrubs is universal. 

 The conservancy of cow-dung manure by 

 the advice of the Scientific Department 

 and the dissemination of the recom- 

 mendations of agricultural chemists like 

 Hall and King is reaching a fine art, and 

 the more up-to-date gardens have, 

 dotted throughout their coolie lines, 

 pucca manure pits, brick-liued and 

 covered with corrugated iron or thatched 

 roofs. In many gardens it is the custom 

 to mix with the manure, collected daily 

 from the lines, cut jungle which, in 

 layers with the manure, forms a compost 

 at the end of a season invaluable as a 

 fertilising agent. 



The Application of Manure. 

 Not only is the question of the actual 

 manures themselves receiving assiduous 

 attention, but the method of application 

 is constantly undergoing observation 

 and experiment. It was too long the 

 custom to apply manures loosely on the 

 surface of the soil, but the experiments 

 which have been carried out at the 

 Heeleaka Experimental Station, chiefly 

 by Mr. Hutchinson, have proved so con- 

 clusively that manures in this way are 



