MELIACEAE 



307 



moluccensis Lam. Hiern * erred in referring both to a single 

 species, Carapa moluccensis Lam. The type of Koenig's species 

 was from the Tranquebar coast, India, and his description applies 

 unmistakably to the form with obovate leaves and large fruits ; 

 that is, the species that grows in the mangrove swamps; "folia 

 * * * oblongo-clavata, rotundata;" "Habitat in silvis rhizo- 

 phoreis." Lamarck, in the original description of Carapa 

 'moluccensis, which was based wholly on "Granatum litoreum s. 

 Martahul Rumph. Amb. 3. p. 92. Tab. 61," confused the two 

 forms; the plate reference is to Xylocarpus granatum Koenig, 

 but the description that he compiled was from Granatum lito- 

 reum I latifolium Rumph. as indicated by the page reference 

 and his description. He disposed of t. 62 of the Herbarium 

 Amboinense, to which his description wholly applies, thus: 

 "Variat foliis acutioribus. Ibidem t. 62." The two species 

 are very strongly marked. Xylocarpus granatum Koen. grows 

 in the mangrove swamps and has oblong to obovate leaflets, very 

 large fruits, and a smooth, rather thin bark. Xylocarpus 

 moluccensis Lam. grows on the open coasts and has usually ovate, 

 acute leaflets ; much smaller fruits than X. granatum Koen. ; and 

 a thick, very flaky bark. 



XYLOCARPUS MOLUCCENSIS (Lam.) M. Roem. Syn. Hesper. (1846) 

 124 (type!). 



Carapa moluccensis Lam. Encycl. 1 (1785) 621, quoad descr., excl. 



Rumph. t. 61 (type!); C. DC. Monog. Phan. 1 (1878) 719, excl. 



syn. Koenig et Willdenow. 

 Carapa rumphii Kostel. Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5 (1836) 1988 (type!). 

 Xylocarpus carnulosus Zoll. & Mor. Nat. Geneesk. Arch. Neerl. Ind. 



2 (1845) 582, ex descr. 

 Xylocarpus forstenii Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4 (1868) 62, ex 



descr. 



Granatum litoreum I latifolium Rumph. Herb. Amb. 3: 92, t. 62. 

 Granatum litoreum III latissimum Rumph. Herb. Amb. 3: 92. 

 Amboina, Amahoesoe, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. 491, September 19, 

 1913, along the seashore. 



Lamarck, as noted above, in proposing the binomial Carapa 

 moluccensis, based his description on Granatum litoreum I lati- 

 folium, but erroneously referred to his species t. 61 of the Her- 

 barium Amboinense, which is Xylocarpus granatum Koenig. 

 His species, manifestly, should be interpreted by the form de- 

 scribed, rather than by the figure that he erroneously referred 

 to it. The rather confused synonymy between Xylocarpus gra- 

 natum Koenig and X. moluccensis M. Roem., is here discussed 



* Hooker f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 (1875) 567. 



