March, 1909.] 



267 



Live Slock. 



matters, and as there is altogether a 

 great deal of misconception and con- 

 fusion as to the proper nomenclature 

 to use, we publish the following ex- 

 planation :— 



The term " thorough-bred " should be 

 applied to no animal but a thorough- 

 bred horse ; it is the distinct and specific 

 name of that breed of horses. There are 

 Hackney horses, Clydesdale horses, etc.; 

 and there are Shorthorn cows, Jersey- 

 cows, etc., not thorough-bred Hackneys 

 nor thorough-bred cows. The term 

 " pure-bred " is the proper word to use 

 to indicate that the animal is not mixed 

 in its breed ; such as a pure-bred Hack- 

 ney horse, a pure-bred Shorthorn cow, 

 a pure-bred Southdown sheep, a pure- 

 bred Berkshire pig, a pure-bred Leghorn 

 hen. 



To use the term " a thorough-bred 

 Hackney" could only mean that the 

 animal was a cross between a thorough- 

 bred stallion and a Hackney mare. To 

 use the term "thorough-bred Shorthorn 

 cow " in this light is therefore non- 

 sense; it would mean a cross between 

 a thorough-bred horse and a Shorthorn 

 cow. 



M Pure-bred " is a clear, lucid, and 

 expressive term ; it means an animal of 

 the same type and character through 

 many generations, belonging to one of 

 the known breeds, and every recognised 

 breed has its record. "Stud-book" 

 when applied to the horse ; " Herd-book " 

 when applied to the cow ; " Flock-book " 

 when applied to sheep and goats. 



When the parents are pure-bred on 

 one side, such as when a Shorthorn bull 

 is put to a common cow, the progeny is 

 a " half-bred." If a Shorthorn bull was 

 used on a half-bred Shorthorn cow, 

 the progeny would be termed " three- 

 quarter bred," that is a three-quarter 

 bred Shorthorn, 



When both pareuts are pure-bred, but 

 of different breeds, such as a Shorthorn 

 bull put to a Jersey cow, the progeny 

 would be termed a " Cross-bred.' VVhen 

 the breed goes further than a " quarter- 

 bred," but is still known, the animal is 

 called a "Mixed breed." When the 

 breed is so mixed that it cannot be 

 followed, we in Jamaica use the term 

 "Common"; for instance a "common" 

 cow ; a "common" pig. In the United 

 States they use the term " grade " for an 

 animal that is partly of one particular 

 breed, such as a grade Shorthorn, 

 a grade Holstein, and this is a good 

 word as describing stock that is being 

 graded up,— Journal of the Jamaica 

 Agricultural Society, Vol. XII., No. 11, 

 November, 1908, 



THE INDIAN GAME ACT. 



Revised Draft. 



Sir Harold Stuart in circulating a 

 revised Draft Bill for expression of 

 opinion makes the following observa- 

 tions :— 



The replies to the Home Department, 

 letter No. 1082-90, dated the 23rd May, 

 1904, with which a Draft Bill was 

 circulated, disclosed a strong concensus 

 ot opinion in favour of protective legisla- 

 tion, while indicating a considerable 

 divergence of opinion on the principles 

 of the Bill. In the light of the criticisms 

 offered, and after a careful consider- 

 ation of the whole matter, the Govern- 

 ment of India have arrived at the con- 

 clusion that the line of action originally 

 contemplated should be undertaken to 

 afford protection to those wild birds and 

 animals which are threatened with 

 extermination. 



A revised Draft Bill has accordingly 

 been drawn up, and I am directed to 

 circulate it for the further critisism and 

 opinion of Local Governments. The 

 revised Bill defines game and takes 

 power for Local Governments to declare 

 a close time dxiring which it will be 

 unlawful to capture, kill or deal in any 

 specified kind of game or the plumage of 

 auy specified bird. Fish have been ex- 

 cluded from the scope of the proposed 

 law, as their case can be suitably provid- 

 ed for by rules under the Indian 

 Fisheries Act. The Bill also provides a 

 general exception in favour of the 

 capture or killing of game in self-defence 

 or in protection of crops or fruit, and 

 gives power to the Local Government to 

 apply its provisions to birds other than 

 those specified in the definition. It may 

 be noted that clause 3 corresponds sub- 

 stantially to clauses 5 and 7 of the 

 original Bill, which were generally 

 approved, and that clause 5 corresponds 

 to clause 18 of that Bill, which also met 

 with general approval. Clause 7, which 

 applies only to birds, is far less sweeping 

 than clause 2 (l)and 7 of the original Bill. 

 In short, the present Bill embodies in an 

 improved and simplified form those pro- 

 visions of the original Bill which met 

 with general acceptance. The Govern- 

 ment of India consider that the proposed 

 law will for the present be sufficient to 

 restrict the indiscriminate slaughter of 

 game, if it is combined with suitable 

 restrictions imposed by rules under the 

 Forest Acts in force in the different 

 provinces. 



The legislation contemplated is likely 

 to be of limited application, as it is pro- 

 bable that in many parts of India the 

 protection afforded by forests to species 



