Sept. 1906. J 



255 



Live Stock. 



In Matale district, for the Paduwo, the brand is the Bo-Kole (Bo-leaf,); 

 the Hunno (ehunam-burners), the Hunupatta ; the Veddho, the bow ; the 

 Rodiyo, the Varapota, a string ; the Panuayo, the sickle. 



In Gampola and other districts, for'the Achari (Blacksmiths), the Abarana 

 Aduiva; the Henayo, (the dhoby), ga la the-stone; the Paduwo the Batgam Alia ; 

 the Badalo (the Goldsmiths), the Aduwa; the Berawayo (Tom-tom-beaters), the 

 Daul-Kadippuwa, or the Taliya, the gong ; the Paliyo, the Kanda, a log of wood. 



District or Village Marks. 



For Galboda Korle, Kegalle, the Tanirohotiya ; for the village Kanan- 

 gomuwa in Matale, the Koku Pahimbuwa ; for Kotmale, the kota, the spire at 

 the top of buildings ; the Pour Korles, (Kegalle district) for Korale villages, 

 the Irattipure ; Three Korles, for Kandyans of rank, the Pahimbu ; the Kandyan 

 Moors, the Gamajadiya. 



For the Gabadagan (royal villages of Gampola) the Nelun Mai Pahimbuwa ; 

 villages of Unambuwa, Kirinda and Udowite in Gampola, the Kerallama ; the 

 villages of a Devale, the Sulama; the villages in a Vihare, Agultattuwa; 

 Dolosbage District, the Bopate Pahimbuwa ; village of Angammana, the Tamil 

 letter, Ayanna royal village of Naranwita, the Iratti Nelun Malpahimbuwa ; 

 Tumpane the Nelum Mala, lotus flowers ; Alu'tnuwara* the dunna (bow) and Nelum 

 Mala (lotus flower.) 



Brands op some Kandyan Chiefs. 



For the Dullweve, Veragama, Hulangomwe families, the Era-Handa Sun 

 and Moon; the Alutgama family in Matale, -the Nelum-Mala (lotus flower) and 

 Ada-Handa; the Dorakumbuie family, the Torana pahimbuwa ; the Aluwihares, 

 Mediyama ; the Pata Bulutgama, the Binduiva, a drop. 



Witli regard to the brand-marks on cattle, the Hon'ble F. R. Elllis, C.M.G., 

 late Auditor-General, wrote me the following on May 7th, 1906: — 



" Under the new branding system the only brand that will be compulsory 

 will be the communal brand. It will be left optional with the owners of cattle 

 to put what private brands they like or caste-marks on their cattle. I quite 

 agree with you that caste-marks are useful, enabling one at once to distinguish 

 between an animal which belongs to Punchirala and one which belongs to Puncha, 

 and thus preventing false claims and disputes." 



This saying is only too true. In a recent cattle-theft case in a police court, 

 the real owner of the buffalo lost the animal, and the thief was decreed the owner, 

 because the initial letters of the names of the village and the owner, exactly corre- 

 sponded to those of the fortunate thief. But the distinctive " Caste Marks " were 

 different. Though this was the best evidence in favour of the owner, yet the 

 magistrate lost sight of the fact. 



Kandyan Brand-marks. 

 Explanation of Plates. 



Fig. 



1. Sun and Moon (Chiefs) Matale 



2. Stone (Dobies) 



3. Mamie, Knife, (Wahunpurayo) (Jaggery-caste Kandyans) 



4. Half moon (Chiefs) 



"). Daulkaduppuwa (Berawayo ; tom-tom beaters) 

 (5. Pahimbuwa (Three Korale Kandyans of rank) 

 7. Winnow (Oliyo ; dancers) 



For Kinigoda Korle the Wahumhunudaluwa and Ada Handa. For some low-country Sinhalese 

 Gowigauia people in Gangaboda Korle Gallc District, I have seon the brand mark an ear of 

 paddy, ( Viliamla) on their cattle. 



