Drugs and 



const region, this in spite of the fact that the plants grown in Golden Gate Park, 

 San Francisco, are closely similar to those grown in the Nilgiri hills of British 

 India, *where the Cinchonas do well. This would indicate that, although there may 

 be close similarity of the vegetation of two different countries, there are certain 

 plants so delicately constituted that a variation in temperature of only one or two 

 degrees will bar them from one country while they will thrive well in the other. 

 It is, however, well-known that plant ranges can be extended by artificial methods, 

 a fact familiar to all plant growers. As a good illustration may be mentioned 

 the extension northward of orange growing in the Sacramento Valley, California. 

 Many tropical and sub-tropical plants of which it was predicted that they would 

 not grow in the central portions of California do well, though some do not develop 

 or ripen fruit. With regard to the possible successful growing of cinchonas, there 

 always has been considerable difference of opinion. On the one hand, so eminent 

 an authority as the late Baron F. von Midler (in 1881) expressed it as his opinion 

 that they may be readily and profitably grown in the southern part of the State, 

 while Dr. H. H. Rusby states unhesitatingly that in all probability the cinchonas 

 cannot be cultivated successfully anywhere within the limits of the United States. 

 Without entering into a discussion of the reasons given by these various authorities 

 for and against the successful introduction of cinchonas into the State of California, 

 we shall briefly summarize the facts as they actually exist. 



SOME FACTS SUMMARIZED. 



1. Cinchonas require a uniform temperature, having a mean of about 

 52 degrees F., rarely falling below the freezing point and rarely exceeding 

 90 degrees F. The majority of species may resist an occasional drop to 28 

 degrees F., and a rise to 100 degrees F. Such conditions prevail in the southern 

 coast counties of California. 



2. In their natural homes the cinchonas exist in a heavy annual rainfall, 

 extending over eight to ten months of the year. Culture observations have, 

 however, shown that heavy prolonged seasonal rainfalls are not essential, in 

 fact are detrimental to some species and varieties. This is also well borne out 

 by the tests made at the California College of Agriculture. C. succirubra resists 

 droughts as well as the majority of mesophytic trees and shrubs. No doubt the 

 rainfall of the California counties indicated would be adequate. Irrigation or 

 watering would perhaps be necessary during the dry season, at least until the 

 trees are well rooted. 



3. Cinchonas require a moist atmosphere and fogs, alternating with 

 sunny days. Such conditions are quite prevalent in the counties indicated, 

 especially northward. Prolonged dry winds are pernicious. In San Francisco 

 and northward there are the so-called " northers " which have a very injurious effect 

 upon all vegetation, but according to reports the cinchonas are not excessively 

 susceptible. In Los Angeles and southward the similar dry wind, the so-called 

 "santaana" is injurious to vegetation. The coast counties indicated experience 

 these dry winds to a lesser degree, and in all probability they would not prove 

 injurious to cinchonas. 



4. It .has been established that cinchonas do not require the shade of 

 other trees as was once generally believed. In fact they thrive much better 

 in the open. This is certainly true of the plants that are two or more years old. 



5. Above all, cinchonas require rich soil with deep and free drainage. 

 Soil with stagnating water is very pernicious, especially to young plants in 

 which it encourages the development of root rot. 



