397 



Plant Sanitation. 



wooden tanks, with pipes running around inside at the bottom for conducting 

 the steam. The outfit especially recommended by the writer, however, involves 

 the use of steam pipes by which steam is conducted into the barrel and liber- 

 ated among the contents. 



A 50-gallon barrel makes a very convenient unit for even the most exten- 

 sive operations. Mr. J. H. Hale, of Connecticut and Georgia, has three of these 

 outfits in use ; two with ten barrels each, and one in Georgia of 20 barrels 

 capacity. The steam pipe from the boiler should be of the same size as the 

 outlet of the boiler. The two branches should be somewhat smaller in size, 

 but should have the same total capacity. The vertical pipes should be three- 

 fourths of an inch or slightly less. The perforations may be one-eighth of an 

 inch or even as small as one-sixteenth of an inch in size. Steam is conducted 

 directly into the liquid, escaping through the perforations. The water-supply 

 pipe extends on to the platform alongside the barrels, having a branch running 

 into each barrel. This pipe should be about H to 2 inches in diameter, and 

 the arrangement of the valves should be such that fresh water can be turned 

 into the outlet pipe, which extends over the end of the platform and turns 

 downwards a foot or so. It has 3 or 4 feet of hose to lead the liquid into the 

 tank, which is driven underneath. 



In making lime-sulphur-salt spray the residues should be carefully watched. 

 If yellow-sulphur remains in the barrel, more lime is needed in the mixture. 

 If a residue of both lime and sulphur remains, longer boiling should be given. 

 Only the sand and bits of rock or other impurities in the lime should remain. 



Sulphur and Renin Solution.— The mixture known as sulphur and resin 

 (sar) solution is made up as follows :— 



Sulphur (flowers or flour) ... ... ... pounds 16 



Resin (finely powdered) ... ... ... ... do | 



Caustic soda (powdered)... ... ... ... do 1U 



Water to make ... ... ... ... gallons 6 



Place the sulphur and resin, thoroughly mixed, in a barrel or smaller 

 vessel and make a thick paste by the addition of about 3 quarts of water. 

 Then stir in the caustic soda. After several minutes the mass will boil violently, 

 turning a reddish brown, and should be stirred thoroughly. 



After boiling has ceased add about two gallons of water and pour off 

 the liquid into another vessel and add to it sufficient water to make six gallons. 

 This form of stock solution may be used at the rate of one gallon to fifty of 

 water for spraying most plants and for soaking seeds. 



Potassium Sulphid.— For a fungicide of potassium sulhpid the following 

 formula may be used:— 



Potassium sulphid (liver of sulphur) ... ... ounce 1 



Water ... ... ... ... ... gallons 3 



Dissolve the liver of sulphur in the required amount of water and use 

 immediately. On standing the mixture deteriorates rapidly. It is effective for 

 surface mildews, such as gooseberry mildew. 



Sulphur. — Sulphur is used as a fungicide in a pure state. It is on the market 

 in a number of different commercial grades. The " flowers " of sulphur is the lightest 

 and usually the purest chemically. The "flour" of sulphur, while finely divided, 

 is not so light. It is sold in different degrees of fineness and purity. Stick 

 sulphur is the same material in a solid stick. 



Flowers of sulphur dusted on plants is useful as a remedy for mildew, 

 especially the rose mildew and the powdery grape mildew. 



