LIFE, IN ITS HIGHER FOR..IS. 



and well authenticated example. A Dog, which had be- 

 longed to an Irish-man, and was sold by him in England, 

 would never touch a morsel of food upon Friday." 



" The Oxen that served in the royal gardens of Susa, 

 to water them, and turn certain great wheels to draw 

 water for that purpose, to which buckets were fastened 

 (such as there are many in Languedoc), being ordered 

 every one to draw a hundred turns a-day, they were so 

 accustomed to this number, that it was impossible by any 

 force to make them draw one turn more; but, their task 

 being performed, they would suddenly stop, and stand 

 still."* 



As proofs that Brutes can acquire some knowledge of 

 human language, we may mention the following facts and 

 anecdotes out of many. Mr W. C. Martin says : — " We 

 have two dogs, a spaniel and a terrier, both of small size; 

 and if, by way of trial, in the course of conversation we 

 say, in the ordinary tone of voice, and without looking at 

 them, ' I am sure there must be a cat somewhere about the 

 house,' they are instantly excited, and search in every place 

 for the animal, to which they bear instinctive hatred. "+ 

 Dr Gall says that Dogs learn to understand not merely 

 separate words or articulate sounds, but whole sentences 

 expressing many ideas. In his treatise, " Sur les Fonctions 

 du Cerveau," is the following passage : — " I have often 

 spoken intentionally of objects which might interest my 

 Dog, taking care not to mention his name, or make any 

 intonation or gesture which might awaken his attention. 

 He, however, shewed no less pleasure or sorrow, as it might 

 be, and, indeed, manifested by his behaviour that he had 



* Jloiitagne'a " Essays, " ii. 12. f "Hist, of the Dog, " 99. 



