Gums, Resins, 2 



around the roots. I may say that 

 arsenic spray is an exceedingly valuable 

 suggestion of Dr. Wilcox. It takes two 

 or three applications, but after bhat it 

 does the work. 



Mr. Ewart : What is the formula ? 



Mr. Turner : One pound arsenic, four 

 pounds soda, one gallon water. We 

 dilute about twenty times. 



Mr. Cooke : What does it cost to spray 

 an acre ? 



Mr. Turner : The cost of spraying is 

 very little. On ordinary land it amounts 

 to a dollar or $125 an acre, but on our 

 land it would cost more than that, be- 

 cause our land is very rough. I am 

 figuring more on the labour ; the cost of 

 material on the acre would not be over 

 half a dollar. That is very cheap clean- 

 ing. A question I think we should ask 

 the Doctor is how long it can be kept up 

 without injuring the soil. We use two 

 or three pounds of soda ordinarily. 



Mr. Oooke : Can a man spray an acre 

 in a day ? 



Mr. Turner : I think he can go over 

 two acres in a day on ground of the 

 roughest possible description. 



Mr. Anderson : Mr. Turner asks how 

 long the spraying can be done without 

 injuring the trees. We have done it for 

 years. We have used this spray for two 

 years. 



Mr. Lindsay : How many applications 

 did you make in that two years ? 



Mr. Anderson : We had one field that 

 we sprayed about once in every three 

 months. We gave it eight or ten spray- 

 ings, and the trees looked thoroughly 

 healthy, and there is a marked difference 

 in the appearance of the soil. When the 

 grass grows up on the soil it improves 

 considerably in appearance. 



Mr. Turner : It kills out some and 

 does not kill out others. 



Mr. Anderson : It is the same thing > 

 I have tried the iron sulphate, but it is 

 not as effective as the arsenic. 



Paper by Mr. C. J. Austin. 



Owing to the absence of Mr. C. Ji 

 Austin of Nahiku, his paper on " Pests 

 that have been found in Rubber 

 Trees in Hawaii " was read by Mr. 

 Lindsay. It was as follows : — 



" When the rubber industry wa? 

 started in this Territory, it was stated 

 by many people that the rubber tree 

 had no pest s, so that those that were 

 investing their hard-earned capital in 

 the rubber business need have no fear 

 of later disastrous developments along 

 that line. But, unfortunately, those 



) [September, 1911, 



who made such statements had not 

 taken into consideration the great 

 scheme of universal life which is hem- 

 med on all sides with enemies of one 

 kind or another. 



" And when large numbers of indi- 

 viduals are gathered together these 

 enemies also seem to congregate and 

 carry on a war for existence, and we 

 find that the rubber plant is no excep- 

 tion to the general rule. In the early 

 stages of the rubber planting a small 

 nocturnal marauder, the cut-worm, did 

 considerable damage to the young plants 

 as they were set out, but as the plants 

 grow rapidly, and those who had the 

 work in charge learned the habits of 

 this nightly visitor, it soon became of 

 little importance, and now it is hardly 

 considered a pest, as it also has a para- 

 site which keeps it in partial check. 



" Following the cut-worm, rats com- 

 menced their depredations, and with 

 an appetite that one might fear would 

 be dangerous to well-equipped digestive 

 organs, they peeled the barkthat contains 

 this most valuable gum we call rubber, 

 and in some instances have been known 

 to climb trees that were six or eight feet 

 high and destroy the more tender shoots 

 either killing the tree or materially 

 setting it back. But their depredations 

 were soon stopped when clean cultiva- 

 tion removed their hiding places, and 

 with the use of dogs and poison their 

 homes were destroyed, so that injuries 

 caused by this small animal at pre- 

 sent, for they are so slight, hardly 

 noticed. 



"At the present time there are one or 

 too small pests that are still with us in 

 the form of sucking insects. One of 

 these is a small brown scale that usually 

 infests the under part of the leaves and 

 congregates along the mid-rib and the 

 soft bark of the young and tender twigs. 

 This insect is generally known here as 

 the brown or shell scale, and has been 

 determined by Mr. Ehrhorn, Superin- 

 tendent of Entomology of the Board of 

 Agriculture and Forestry, and others, 

 as being Saissetia nigra, The injuries 

 that are caused by this dc not come so 

 much from what they take out of the 

 tree, as by a black fungus that grows on 

 the honey-dew exuded by this scale. 

 This fungus covers the leaves and 

 branches of the tree, and materially 

 checks the respiratory organs, and to a 

 certain extent weakens the tree. The 

 other of these sucking insects is what is 

 generally called the Miali Bug (Dactylo- 

 pius). This also exudes a honey-dew 

 which supplies the growing fungus with 

 the material, and also has a tendency to 



