November, 1911.] 



421 



Edible Products. 



monopoly was abolished in the eighties, 

 and for a considerable period follow- 

 ing its abolishment the bulk of the 

 crop was exported in the leaf where 

 before a large part had gone out in 

 manufactured form. 



The Payne-Aldrich Bill of 1909 that 

 opened the United States markets to 

 the Philippine tobacco, with certain 

 limitations, proved a great incentive to 

 the manufacturer and exporter to the 

 United States of Philippine cigars. 

 The amount fixed which may not be 

 exceeded in any one year under the free 

 entry privilege is 150,000,000 cigars, and 

 while it is not probable that this figure 

 will be reached for some time to come, 

 it is proving a great stimulus to the 

 cigar manufacturing industry in the 

 islands. 



The Filipinos are themselves large 

 consumers of tobacco, but their taste 

 runs to cigarettes rather than to cigars. 

 During the fiscal year 1910 there were 

 manufactured for local consumption 

 4,173,507,249 cigarettes. This presents 

 but a part of the total consumption, 

 as a very great number of hand-made 

 cigarettes were consumed as is evi- 

 denced by the large importations of 

 cigarette paper not adapted to machine 

 use. If the consumption of home-made 

 cigarette may be estimated at one- 

 fourth that of the factory-made article, 

 the daily consumption in Philippines 

 would reach to more than 14,000,000 

 cigarettes, which is very close to two 

 for every man, woman, and child in 

 the country. 



The exportation of cigarettes is com- 

 paratively small. It amounted to but 

 34,859,581 cigarettes in 1910. On the 

 other hand, the cigars exported exceed 

 in number those consumed locally. The 

 number of cigars removed for export and 

 domestic consumption during the past 

 three years, according to the Report of 

 the Collector of Internal Revenue, is as 

 follows : — 



1908 198,754,787 



1909 204,649,901 



1910 285,561,328 



The number of cigars exported during 

 these three years is as follows :— 



1908 115,768,509 



1909 117.849,381 



1910 196,288,438 



Prior to the enactment of the Payne- 

 Aldrich Bill very few Manila cigars 

 went to the United States ; in 1908 the 

 number was but 29,570; in 1909, 867-947; 

 but in 1910, due to the opening of United 

 States markets, the number exported 

 to that country reached 87,281,683, which 



represents nearly the amount of the 

 total increase in exports. There was a 

 slight falling off in the exports of leaf 

 tobacco in 1910 from 1909, due to the 

 increased demand for manufacture into 

 cigars and cigarettes. The figures for 1909 

 were 10,706 tons, valued at $1,668,234. 

 In 1910 the amount was 9,715 tons and 

 the value $1,598,557. During the same 

 period the value of cigars exported 

 increased from $1,083,702 to $2,973,630. 



The manufacture of cigars and cigar- 

 ettes is one of the most important 

 industries in the city of Manila, and 

 many thousand persons are employed 

 in it. The industry is under the direct 

 supervision of the health authorities, 

 and strict sanitary regulations are en- 

 forced, both as to the persons of the 

 workers and the premises. There are 

 probably no tobacco factories in the 

 world where a higher state of cleanli- 

 ness is observed than in those of 

 Manila. 



The tobacco growing industry is sus- 

 ceptible to both improvement and 

 increase in a very material degree. It 

 is one that gives assurance of splendid 

 returns to any qualified to engage in it, 

 and it is adapted to those of moderate 

 means as well as to the possessors of 

 large capital. 



INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 

 AGRICULTURE, 



(From the Bulletin of Agricultural 

 Statistics, September, 1911.) 



The Bulletin of Agricultural Statistics 

 for September has just been issued 

 under the direction of Prof. Umber to 

 Ricci, by the International Institute of 

 Agriculture. 



The Bulletin contains the most recent 

 official data received at the Institute 

 from the various countries in regard 

 to the production of the cereal crops in 

 the Northern Hemisphere. The produc- 

 tion of wheat for the present year, in 

 the group of countries included in the 

 Bulletin, which represent about four- 

 fifths of the world's total wheat produc- 

 tion, is estimated at 829,782,823 quintals 

 as compared with a production of 

 825,959,642 quintals last year. The Single 

 Numerical Statement, i.e., the ratio in 

 percentage figures between the estimat- 

 ed production this year and the produc- 

 tion obtained last year is 100-5. The 

 production for the present year super- 

 cedes that of the past year in Spain 

 (42,600,000 quintals as compared with 

 37,400,000 quintals), Great Britain and 

 Ireland (17,400,000 quinatals as compared 



