52 A. BLYTT. [NO. 1. 



obtain detailed profiles of those beds. To a certain extent they 

 are conglomerates and littoral formations, like the thick Miocene 

 Mollasse of Switzerland; and near the shore thick beds may be 

 formed in a short time. 



Profiles from Roussillon (by Deperet in Ann. Sc. geol.. vol. 

 XVII, 1885) show 4 alternations in the stage contemporary with 

 the Coralline crag (arc 14'). The superimposed stage is, in 

 Rousillon, a fresh- water formation. The land was upheaved. The 

 fresh- water stage contains several alternations, probably 6—8, 

 so far as I can gather from the profiles, which are not quite pre- 

 cisely described (arcs 15'— 16'). 



We turn again to England. The fossils of the Red Crag 

 show the existence of a colder climate than those of the Coral- J 

 line Crag do, and the Chillesford beds, pertaining to the latest por- 

 tion of Red Crag, contain purely arctic shells. The Glacial age 

 is advancing. After the formation of the Red Crag, England was 

 upheaved again and became land-bound to the Continent. Ex- 

 tinct mammalia wandered in the forests which were formed of 

 now-existing trees (spruce, pine and the like), showing, thus, a 

 temperate climate, milder than that of the Chillesford beds, and 

 about the same as now. „The forest bed of Cromer" became 

 covered by marine layers, Westleton shingle and Cromer clay 

 (arc 160. In the latest Pliocene land-formations at Cromer, 

 Nathorst has discovered arctic plants (Salix polaris and others), 

 and Cromer clay indicates the proximity of inland ice- With 

 this the Pliocene epoch closes. 



In regard to the Quaternary oscillations we will take the 

 beds m England, as they are described by J. Geihie (Gre»t Ice 

 Age ed. 2. p. 387 ff.), as our guide. 



The Quaternary epoch begins with retreatment of the ice 

 and a considerable denudation. After that the sea rose again 



inland ^ ° f ^ E « Then ' ^ 5 



^ZT^T" f ° rmed a ^torn-moraine, the great 

 balky boulder-clay (arc 1", After that ice-age an upheaval of 



T^:%T Ye taken place * aud ^ But 



new rising of the sea followed (Bridlington Crag) and a new 



