-jg COLEOPTEEA Of INDIANA. 



have but four. Sometimes the number of joints varies in the sexes 



of the same species. . , 



In form the tarsal joints may be slender and cylindrical com- 

 pressed, flattened and dilated, globular, triangular » co^ ornr 

 Frequently the next to last joint is notched or even hflobed. In 

 some genera the under side of one or more of the joints bear me „- 

 h^oS flaps cafled tarsal lo.es. Usually however, the unto side 

 is clothed with spines, hairs, spongy pubescence or small scales. 

 Oftentimes the nature of this lower covering varies according to sex. 

 The front or middle tarsi, or both, are often dilated m the male, 

 and simple or not dilated, in the female of the same species. 



The last joint of the tarsus bears two claws, often called uyues, 

 but in this paper termed tarsal dam. They also vary much m size 

 nd shape 11 the character of their lower edge. They are ttsita fly 

 free and independently movable, hut are sometimes united at base 

 or even nearly to the tip, when they are said to he comiate. Other 

 erms applied to them are («> simple, when they have the ordinar 

 pointed form slightly but not suddenly broader at base; (b) <W- 

 lent, when without being distant at base they ^verge shg^; W 

 divaricate, when they arise from opposite sides of the joint and 

 form a right angle with it; (d) cleft when each claw is d ep > di 

 vided into two acute parts which may or may not be of equal length 

 ( Ufid, when the tip only is divided; if) appelate, when 

 prov ded with a square dilatation at the base; (g) toothed or ser- 

 12 when they hear one or more acute teeth on the lower edge; 

 S'pltinate, when the teeth are long, numerous and ganged hke 

 hose of a comb; (0 chelate, when the claws are capable of tang 

 drawn bach upon the last tarsal joint and thus 

 grasp more firmly small twigs or leaves. Between the claws there 

 often occurs a small pad or flap which is more or less retractile, 

 eallecl the onycMum. One of the elaws is often much smaller than 

 the other and rarely one or even both of them are absent. 



The Abdomen-. 



The third or hindmost portion of the body is called the aMo,neu 

 It consists of nine or ten rings or segments placed end to end, the 

 Lai one heihg attached to the metathorax Of these ; hrt five 

 seven are usually visible, the others being retracted or coaleseent at 

 base and tip. These rings are divided into tw o port mns the upper 

 or dorsal segments more or less covered by the elytra, and the o«e 



ventral segments vis,ble beneath. These dorsal aud ve^ral seg- 

 ments are joined by membrane along the sides above, the next to last 



