364 PLANTS, SEEDS, AND CURRENTS 



the Azores was Godman, who, although his special mission was 

 concerned with zoology, made extensive plant collections during 

 his stay in the group, March to May 1865. These materials were in 

 part worked up by Watson in his monograph in Godman' s book on 

 the natural history of the islands. In 1894 Mr. C. S. Brown made 

 considerable collections, chiefly on Fayal, Pico, and San Miguel. 

 They were utilised by Trelease in the work to be immediately men- 

 tioned. Three months in the summer of 1894 and a shorter period 

 in 1896 were occupied by Trelease, Director of the Missouri Botanical 

 Garden, in making collections in these islands. They were worked 

 up by him and the results incorporated with those of his predecessors 

 in his Botanical Observations in the Azores, published in 1897 in the 

 Eighth Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden. The general 

 remarks are limited ; but as a catalogue of the plants this monograph 

 is the most complete and authoritative of the works on the Azorean 

 flora that have been published up to the date of my writing. In 

 March 1909, G. C. Druce made a brief stay on San Miguel, which 

 supplied materials for short papers in the Journal of Botany for 

 January 1911, and in the Chemist and Druggist. 



The last to be mentioned, but not the least important of the in- 

 vestigators of the Azorean flora, are those resident Portuguese 

 gentlemen who in bygone and in recent times made numerous private 

 collections and built up the herbarium in the Municipal Museum 

 at Ponta Delgada. Much of the work of Dr. Bruno T. Carreiro, 

 Dr. C. Maehado, Dr. J. A. N. Sampaio, and others is utilised by 

 Trelease in his monograph; but there must be many whose labours 

 have contributed to our knowledge of the plants of these islands, 

 though their names are no longer remembered. An account of those 

 of the earlier Portuguese residents, who in the long years since the 

 occupation of the islands have paid attention to the plants, would 

 come fitly from the pen of a Portuguese botanist. In 1852 there 

 was published at Lisbon a list of plants introduced into the Botanic 

 Garden of the Medical School of that city from various parts of the 

 world, the authors of which were B. A. Gomes and C. M. F. da Beirao 

 (Catalogus Plantarum Horti Botanici Medico-Chirurgicce Scholar 

 Olisiponensis). Azorean plants are here included. In conclusion 

 one may observe that in addition to his special studies on the general 

 zoology and fossil diatoms of the group, Colonel F. A. Chaves, the 

 head of the Meteorological Service of the Azores, has done much 

 not only in collecting flowering plants, but in assisting botanists 

 visiting the islands. 



The Heights of the Azores. — The great volcanic cone of Pico, 

 7613 feet in altitude, is by far the highest mountain in the group, 

 none of the other islands attaining half its height. There are eight 

 other islands, and it is very remarkable that the three largest and 

 most elevated of them have practically the same elevation, San 

 Miguel 3570 feet, Terceira 3500 feet, and San Jorge 3498 feet ; whilst 

 the two islands next in size, Fayal and Flores, are not much lower, 

 their respective heights being 3351 and 3087 feet. This is a physical 

 feature of importance, since Pico loses the advantage of its much 

 greater elevation on account of the predominance of lava and cinders 



