400 PLANTS, SEEDS, AND CURRENTS 



freer with the plants of the upland moor, and more or less unrestricted 

 with the aquatic plants and with the plants of the seashore. 



Though the contrasts in the differentiation of the Azorean and 

 Hawaiian floras are largely bound up with the differences in the 

 antiquity of the two archipelagos, the much greater isolation of the 

 Hawaiian group, which lies some 2000 miles from the nearest main- 

 land, has doubtless had a potent influence. Yet antiquity alone may 

 largely counteract the effects of contiguity to a continent. The 

 Canaries, for example, are evidently of much greater age than the 

 Azores, and to this circumstance we might attribute the fact that 

 as many as 30 per cent, of their native plants are peculiar, whilst 

 only 10 per cent, are endemic in the Azores. Yet only fifty-five 

 miles of open sea separate the Canaries from the African coast, 

 whilst about 800 miles intervene between the Azores and the nearest 

 mainland, the coast of Portugal. So with the Galapagos Islands, 

 which are removed about 500 miles from the coast of Ecuador, half 

 of the native plants are endemic. It is therefore evident that an 

 influence more potent than that concerned with distance from the 

 mainland may affect the endemism of some insular floras. Presum- 

 ably this is often that of antiquity. 



Before proceeding with the discussion of the affinities of the native 

 flora of the Azores, I will give in tabulated form the distribution 

 of the most characteristic plants grouped according to their station. 

 The affinities of the individual groups will then be dealt with, and 

 this will be followed by a comparison of the Azorean, Madeiran, and 

 Canarian floras, as far as it can be focussed in a contrast of the vegeta- 

 tion of the Peak of Teneriffe and of the great mountain of Pico. 



Distribution op Characteristic Native Flowering Plants op the 

 Azores outside the Group 



I 



Plants of the Woods 





Canaries 



Madeira 



Africa 



Europe 



North 

 America 



Remarks 



Hypericum foliosum 

 (Ait.) 













Probably allied to a 

 species of Madeira, 

 H. grandifolium. (See 

 Watson.) 



Ilex perado (Ait.) 



+ ? 











Allied to a Canarian 

 species, if not in the 

 group (Watson). 



Phamnus latifolius 

 (Herat.) 





+ 









Lowe is the authority 

 for its Madeiran habitat. 



Primus lusitanica (L.) 



+ 



+ 





+ | 





Rubusfruticosus (L.) 



+ 



+ 



+ 



+ 





A segregate species 

 usually named discolor 

 by English botanists 

 (Watson). (SeeTrelease.) 



