FLORA AND SYLVA. 



the petals of which are called white by most 

 observers, although really of a cream caste and 

 with a greenish tint, which is lacking in E. 

 californicum. Again, E. giganteum rarely has 

 more than one flower, while californicum fre- 

 quently has from five to eight. The filaments 

 and auricles, as well as the seed-pod, are also 

 much larger and more prominent in giganteum. 

 Northern California, along the coast range 

 from Healdsburgh in Sonoma county to Tri- 

 nity county, California, forming a belt of 50 

 miles wide and 200 miles long, lying about 

 20 miles back from the coast. This species, 

 now described under the new name of E. cali- 

 fornicum, has for years been known as E. gigan- 

 teum, and the only one known under that name. 

 To justify the present change I will give the 

 history of both species. 



The original specimens of the true E. gi- 

 ganteum were collected by an early expedi- 

 tion, which crossed the continent and reached 

 northern Oregon. The name first appears in 

 The Botanical Magazine, with a description by 

 Hooker under /. 5714. Under the name of 

 E. grandiforum the same plant is beautifully 

 figured in " Flores des Serres," /. 21 17. Now 

 E. californicum is not to be found anywhere in 

 Oregon, while the true E. giganteum in full 

 flower could hardly be overlooked by a party 

 travelling in either Oregon or Washington 

 at just that season. I feel sure that Baker did 

 afterwards recognise my E. californicum as dis- 

 tinct, for no species could be better designated 

 under the name of E. grandiforum var. multi- 

 florum, scantily described in his " Tulipaa?." 



When in 1880 Dr. Watson edited "Cali- 

 fornia Botany," Vol. II., he had not yet grasped 

 the clear distinction between E. grandiforum 

 and E. giganteum, and gave the name grandi- 

 forum to the only Californian species of the sec- 

 tion (E. cal/fornicum). 



In writing his monograph of 1891 he 

 amended this, and correctly described E. gran- 

 diforum. He had material of the true E. gigan- 

 teum from various points in Oregon, and I sent 

 him fresh flowers of E. californicum fromXJkiah. 

 He wrote that he had decided that mine was 

 a distinct species which he would name, but 

 evidently was not quite sure of his ground 

 when he did publish, giving the habitat of E. 

 giganteum as " from the lower Columbia valley 

 to Sonoma and Mendocino counties, Califor- 



nia," thus combining the two species. Now as 

 his best material came from me it is more than 

 likely that the description he gives is of the 

 plant at Ukiah,and it seems indeed to bear out 

 this surmise. A little later I began to receive 

 plants from various points inOregon and Wash- 

 ington, which were in nature allied to E. revo- 

 lutum, and (accepting Watson's description of 

 E. giganteum, made from my own home species, 

 as correct) I naturally considered the Oregon 

 specimens a new form, and named them E. 

 revolutum var. Watsonii, and by that name the 

 true E. giganteum is now known. But upon see- 

 ing the original description and pictures of E. 

 giganteum, and having plants of my£. revolutum 

 var. Watsonii from so many points as to prove 

 it to be the only species which the first dis- 

 coverers of E. giganteum could possibly have 

 collected, I saw my mistake. There is not the 

 least doubt as to the original E. giganteumbeing 

 the same as my E. revolutum var. Watsonii, the 

 plant which I now describe correctly as E. 

 giganteum. 



It is a question whether the Californian 

 plant would not be better called after Baker, 

 E.giganteumv&x. mult/forum (Baker's plant was 

 E. grandiforum var. mult forum) . The answer 

 would be, that although there is a resemblance 

 between E. giganteum and E. californicum, they 

 are of two sections in habitat as well as flower. 

 E. giganteum is closely related to E. revolutum 

 with its few flowers, its broad filaments, and 

 its liking for cold, heavy soils ; while E. cali- 

 fornicum, with its fondness for well-drained 

 slopes in light soils, and its many flowers with 

 slender filaments is of quite another type. 



(6.) Leaves mottled in lighter shades than in 

 the last two sections ; auricles rather more promi- 

 nent ; style club-shaped and deeply divided, with 

 recurving divisions, much exceeding the stamens; 

 filaments subulate. 



E. giganteum. — Leaves obovate-lanceo- 

 late with a broadly margined petiole mottled 

 in light brown and white; scape seldom more 

 than one flowered, tall and stout; petals near- 

 ly pure white with a greenish caste, with or 

 without a reddish band above the auricled 

 base; filaments subulate and conniving at the 

 base, much exceeding the stamens ; auricles 

 prominent. 



Found in all of the valleys of the region 

 west of the Cascade Mountains, beginning at 



