UNDERPLANTING. 



small lilac or pale pink flowers, spotted within 

 and not pouched like most American kinds. 



C. scabiosafolia. — A stout annual of vigo- 

 rous growth, good in colour during autumn and 

 easy to grow, sowing itself freely in suitable 

 spots. Peru, 1823. A plant useful for cutting, 

 which should be more used in our gardens. 



C.suffruticosa. — A seedling raised in France 

 and allied to C. rugosa through C. Triomphe de 

 Versailles. An erect free-growingshrubofabout 

 3 feet, with woody base and leafy stems, the 

 leaves crisped and! waved. The pale yellow 

 flowers appear on tall slender stalks and are 



CALCEOLARE A VIOLACEA. 



gathered into close rounded heads of ten or a 

 dozen blooms, of distinct and fine appearance. 



C. tenella. — A dwarf trailing plant of only 

 a few inches high, spreading as dense green 

 tufts thick-set with tiny Thyme-like leaves. 

 The flowers are borne upon short curved stems 

 springing from the leaf-axils, yellow streaked 

 with crimson within, of pretty effect. A good 

 hardy plant for the rock-garden, found in sandy 

 places and upon damp rocks near the rivers of 

 the Andes at from 4,000 to 5,000 feet. 



C. thyrsijiora. — A low sub-shrub of slender 

 erect growth, with narrow coarsely-toothed 

 leaves of about an inch, and long narrowspikes 

 of small yellow flowers scented like Labur- 



num. A common Chilian plant used for dye- 

 ing yellow. 



C. verticil lata. — A trailing plant more curi- 

 ous than pretty, with slender hairy stems and 

 sharply-toothed leaves, bearing narrow spikes 

 of deep yellow flowers in which the upper lip 

 is very small and the lower lip strangely twisted. 

 Lima. 



C. violacea. — A very distinct plant, once 

 classed by itself as jfovel/ana, but intermediate 

 forms join it to Calceolaria. It is the hardiest 

 of shrubby Calceolarias, growing as a shrub of 

 3 to 4 feet in light soils, blooming in April and 

 May upon shootsofthepreviousyear. Helmet- 

 shaped flowers of lilac-blue spotted with yellow 

 and red within the gaping mouth. S. Chili. 

 C. triandra comes near this, with small much- 

 cut leaves and flowers with three stamens — the 

 only case in the genus. 



C.viscosissima. — -A robust plant with broad 

 leaves, covered thickly with gum in all its 

 parts and bearing tawny flowers. May be used 

 with effect in the summer garden against a 

 background of dark shrubs. Syn. C. rugosa ma- 

 crop hy I la. 



UNDERPLANTING. 



In the present state of our woodlands, 

 when through the decay of the trade in 

 underwood and the neglect of the trees 

 many woods are thin and worn out, "un- 

 derplanting" is a subject to be thought 

 about. Pines, that in youth might have 

 covered the earth with their branches, 

 have grown and shed most of their 

 boughs, and grass has begun to invade 

 ; the ground, bringing in its train starva- 

 tion or death to the trees; while the sun 

 gets in and drying winds complete the 

 ruin of the unsheltered woodland. Now 

 I want to make it clear that this cannot 

 happen when a wood is managed in the 

 best forest way, which never allows the 

 overhead canopy to be broken. A wood 

 invaded by sun and drying winds fast 

 decays. Instances of this may be seen 

 in any woodland district where people 



