*Quercus Kavardi, Havard's Oak, steps into the sand dune re- 

 gions in the Shinneries of eastern New I.iexico. "what this region 

 would be without the oak is hard to conjecture. The bushes arc sel- 

 dom more than two feet high but the whole country is completely 

 covered and the sand stays put. 



* Q ue re us turbinella, Scrub Oak, The Turbinate Oak forms pure 

 stands covering section after section about Prescott, Arizona, and 

 the hills north of Toquervilie, Utah, as examples. These oaks are 

 not very inspiring as trees but the hills arc staying where they 

 belong because of them. The acorns of these are collected by the 

 Indians in southern Utah for food, Y.'hile they contain more tannin 

 than the Emory acorns, they still sustain the inner man. 



Our work has been confined almost exclusively to the Emory 



r -ak. 



ULMA.C2AB 



*!Tl:ius p uriila , Chinese Elm, is an exotic as the name indi- 

 cates. It ""is" one of the favorite trees for street planting over 

 wide areas at lew and medium altitudes. Its drought resistance 

 is marked though it makes very slow growth when not irrigated or 

 planted where there is a high water table. It succumbs quickly 

 to Texas cotton root rot and for that reason is not desirable in 

 many parts of the southwest. 



*Celtis pallida, Ilackberry, An ever recurring topic when 

 erosion control is being considered is that of wildlife and any 

 program of conservation is hardly complete without some treatment 

 of plants suitable for game food and game refuge. In the extreme 

 desert probably no plant is more important than the desert hack- 

 berry. It forms dense thorny thickets and bears a very delectable 

 fruit considered from the standpoint of the taste of birds and 

 foxes. It has not been tried as an erosion control plant in any 

 planting program but in its natural sites in draws and along washes, 

 it is an excellent soil binder. It is readily propagated by seed 

 and root sprouts. 



♦ Coltis r etic ulata, Palo Blanco or ..kite Hark Hackberrv. 

 Shade for stock is an item frequently not considered in our con- 

 servation programs. Stock often gather along bottoms where shade 

 is abundant and trample as well as eat all available material. The 

 western hackberrv furnishes shade along many of the dry washes and 

 oven up on the dry slopes where otherwise shade would be unavailable. 

 It forms a small symmetrical troo and furnishes an abundance of 

 fruits relished by birds and foxes. It is easily propagated by 

 seeds and the very long roots are excellent soil binders along 

 wash* s and draws. 



