ROSACEAE 



north-facing slopes, often forming dense low brush thickets. In 

 such sites it is an excellent soil binder. The berries are so 

 snail that canaries nust have trouble locating then, 



Tli ere are other species of Rubus, all of which have sone 

 value as soil binders and as wildlife plants. All grow in sites 

 in the mountains where erosion is not commonly active. Rubus 

 sbrigosus, the wild Red Raspberry, however, because of its hori- 

 zontal root system and sprouting habit, should bo considered in 

 certain sites in the Mountains whore overgrazing has started 

 active erosion. The fruits of this plant are also delicious. 

 Rubus doliciosus and its close rt latives are called Thimble ber- 

 ries. Iii places where the;' are abundant they are quite effective- 

 soil binders. They are much more drought resistant than the true 

 raspberries and the blackberries. They have large leaves and 

 largo white flowers. The fruit." are greedily eaten by birds. 



It is not improbable that some of the cultivated raspberries 

 and blackberries may have a place in erosion control and wildlife 

 plans. They frequently escape from cultivation in favorable sites 

 along canyons and draws. At times such species as the Himalaya and 

 the Evergreen Blackberry, become real pests. 



Crataegus spa. There are two, possibly four species of Haw 

 in the southwest. G. rivu lari s lias a much wider distribution than 

 the one or more others, extending as it does fro:" 1 northeastern 

 Nevada and Idaho to northern Row bcxico. It is the common black 

 Haw of southern Colorado. It grows singly or in clumps along moun- 

 tain streams one is nowhere very abundant • It is suitable for an 

 ornamental and for bird food. As an erosion control plant it is 

 indifferent and since it is a host for Juniper apple rusts it should 

 be used with restraint if at all. C. saligna is a somewhat smaller 

 tree or shrub confined to northern blew HexTco, northern Arizona and 

 adjacent Utah and Colorado. It is found in very rocky canyons in 

 clumps or singly. It is readily distinguished from 0. rivularis 

 in the fall by its red fruits. C. wootoniana and C, erythrooarpa 

 are reported In booton t Standley's Flora of New Hexico. Further 

 studies cf these two species is necessary before the;/ can be even 

 casually dismissed. 



* FalIu gia paradoxa , Apache Flume, is widely distributed in 

 the west. Vfith us It occupies dry, rocky washes and bottom lands 

 from 1,000 to 7,000 feet altitude throughout our range. It is a 

 soil consorver of the first qualitv, is excellent browse and sur- 

 vives heavy grazing. In washes the tops bend downstream during 

 floods and often become buried, only to sprout up from the tops. 

 Often underground stems resembling rhizomes or horizontal roots 

 become a mass of tangled roots suggesting their use for cuttings. 



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