200 BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS IN SOUTHERN UTAH. 



association there were occasionally extensive patches of Emme- 

 nanthe penduliflora Benth. (No. 175). In our noon halt under 

 the shelter of a wagon-bed, it was quite refreshing to be able to 

 gather an abundance of Gilia filifolia Nutt. (No. 195) and Centro- 

 stegia Thurberi Gray (No. 232), without necessary exposure to 

 the hot sun. In crossing over the prolonged spurs of the moun- 

 tain range to reach the northwestern slope of Pine mountain, we 

 encounter a growth of clumpy cedars, in the shelter of which were 

 found scattering plants of the Frasera albo-marginata Watson 

 (No. 203) only known before from scanty specimens collected by 

 Dr. Palmer in this same section in 1870. In similar gravelly 

 stretches we also find Caulanthus crassicaulis Watson, Physaria 

 Newberryi Gray, and Thelesperma *<'W,, (/ .//V{f'<.;/,/,,j. Gray (No. 

 108). Quite conspicuous along the borders of rivulets and moist 

 springy places, occurred the showy-flowered Pentstemon I'almcri 

 Gray, lately extensively introduced into gardens from seed dis- 

 tributed by Mr. A. L. Siler. 



Our upward route occasionally crossing the clear dashing stream 

 of the Santa Clara along its upper course, finally emerged into 

 the wide open basin of Pine valley, lying at the base of steep 

 mountain ridges heavily timbered with pine and spruce. The reg- 

 ular outlines of this basin at once indicate it as the bed of an an- 

 cient lake, since drained through the deep gash through which the 

 Santa Clara courses to mingle its tribute of melting snow with the 

 turbid waters of the Virgen. The atmospheric coolness of this 

 elevated district afforded a refreshing contrast with the torrid heat 

 of the lowlands, and was especially noticeable in the vegetation, 

 which exhibited a more northern aspect. In the cultivated fields the 

 difference was equally striking ; wheat then ready for harvest at 

 the mouth of the Santa Clara, was just spreading out its early 

 leaves at its upper sources ; cotton-woods which several weeks 

 before had opened their bolls in St. George, were barely in bud at 

 Pine valley. In fact the flowering season in these elevated dis- 

 tricts was only just commenced, and the bald alpine ridges toward 

 the summit of the range showed no signs of advancing vegetation, 

 being still occupied by scattered snow drifts. Under these cir- 

 cumstances only the lower slopes afforded scope for botanizing 

 during the short stay devoted to this section. 



Disagreeably abundant in all the foot-hills, as a serious impedi- 

 ment to comfortable travelling, is the deciduous leaved shrub oak 



