TRITICUM SATIVUM. 



7 



far too low an estimate. After collation of the most trustworthy authorities, the lowest 

 average which can be assumed for irrigated land appears to be 15 maunds per acre for 

 wheat grown alone and for wheat-barley, and 13 maunds for wheat-gram. With like 

 advantages the outturn of wheat-barley would be heavier than that of wheat alone, but 

 this is counterbalanced by the general inferiority of the soils on which it is grown, so 

 that the same rate of outturn has been assumed for both. The outturn of wheat-gram 

 is lessened by the yield of gram being less than that of either wheat or barley. The 

 outturn of unirrigated land depends so greatly on the winter rains, and in these the 

 different parts of the Provinces share so unequally, that it will be safer to frame an esti- 

 mate for each Division separately, than a single one for the whole Provinces. 





Meerut 

 Division. 



Rohilkhand 

 Division. 



Agra 

 Division. 



Allahabad 

 Division. 



Benares 

 Division. 



Jhansi 

 Division. 



Kumaun 

 Division, 

 including 

 Tarai Dis- 

 trict only. 



Total. 



Wheat alone, ... 



10 



10 



7 



7 



8 



6 



8 



9 



Wheat-barley, ... 



10 



10 



7 



7 



8 



6 



8 



9 



Wheat-gram, ... 



9 



9 



6 



7 



8 



7 



8 



8 



It may be accepted as a general rule that wheat constitutes f ths of the outturn of 

 wheat-barley and f rds of that of wheat-gram, except in the Allahabad and Jhansi Divi- 

 sions, where gram is the principal crop in the mixture, and the proportion of wheat is 

 not much above ^rd. 



The outturn of straw varies in weight between half as much again and twice as 

 much as that of grain. When crushed into small pieces, as it is in the process of 

 treading out the grain, it forms perhaps the most important cattle fodder in the 

 Provinces.* 



Special returns of the area under wheat in the year 1876-77 were called for from 

 all Districts of the N.-W. Provinces and Oudh, and were compiled in the wheat report 

 alluded to in the preceding paragraph. They showed the total area under wheat in the 

 Provinces to be over 6 million acres, towards which Oudh contributed very nearly a 

 third. No details were given, however, of irrigation, and it is uncertain how far 

 the area under mixed wheat crops was included. 



Below is shown the average area under wheat in the 30 temporarily settled 

 Districts of the Provinces, calculated on the statistics for three years, 1879, 1880, and 

 1881. 



* In case it may be thought that an estimate so much higher than those which have generally been accepted requires 

 special iustification, the following two authorities may be cited. 1,5^, Mr. Moens, when Settlement Officer of Bareilly, after a 

 Tery large number of experiments extending over several years, deduced a district average of 975 lbs., or nearly 12 maunds, 

 taking into consideration nnirriffated as well as irrigated land. 2)id, On the Cawnpore Farm in 1880, 13 irrigated fields, 

 none of which were watered more than twice, yielded an average of 1,402 lbs. (= 17 maunds), and 10 unirrigated fields an 

 average of 635 lbs. (= nearly 8 maunds). The smallest outturn obtained from unirrigated land was 500 lbs. During the 

 following season 17 irrigated fields yielded an average of 15 maunds. 



Only a small proportion of the Farm land was manured in either season, and the fields on which the averages are based 

 were mostly cultivated with the express purpose of arriving at the average outturn of wheat land nuder ordinary circumstances. 

 In 1880, the winter rains amounted to only a nominal quantity, and in 1881 to 2-2 inches. 



