INTRODUCTION. 



44 millions, 30* millions of which (or 68 per cent.) derive their living directly from the soil. Out 

 of these 30 millions, 15 millions are returned as actively occupied in the capacity of landholder, tenant 

 or labourer in the following proportions, figures under hundreds being represented by cyphers : — 

 Landholders — 



Tenants— 



Male, 

 t Female, 



Male, 

 •j- Female, 



Lalourers, in perma-') Male, 

 nent employ— J f Female, 



Labourers, in occa- 1 Male, 

 eional employ — ]\ Female, 



Total, 



Total, 



Total, 



9,77,900 

 2,18,900 



11,96,800 = 7 per cent. 



76,48,000 

 29,14,600 



1,05,62,600 = 70 per cent. 



8,34,300 

 1,91,500 



10,25,800 = 6 per cent. 



9,38,900 

 11,80,800 



21,19,700 = 14 per cent. 

 31,45,500 = 20 per cent. 



Total labourers. 



The population of these Provinces is denser than that of any European country, and were it not 

 possible that some portions of China may be still closer crowded with humanity, it might be confi- 

 dently described as sharing with that of the Lower Provinces of Bengal the distinction of being the 

 densest in the world. The number of persons to each square mile of area is 415, and if the hill 

 districts of Kumaun be included, the figure is increased to 457. Excluding all uncultivated land, 

 the number of persons supported by each square mile of tillage reaches the enormous figure of 808, 

 and this too although the urban pojjulation does not amount to 10 per cent, of the total. There are 

 considerable differences between the density of population in the various parts of the Provinces, 

 as well as in the proportion in which f urban population stands to rural, as is indicated by the 

 following table : — 





Meerut 

 Division. 



Rohilkhand 

 Division. 



Agra 

 Division. 



Allahabad 

 Division. 



Benares 

 Division. 



Jhansi 

 Division. 



Kumaun 

 Division. 



Gudh 

 Division. 



Population— 



















per square mile of total 

 area, 



454 



477 



476 



418 



535 



200 



84 



469 



per square mile of cul- 

 tivated area, 



741 



745 



766 



736 



978 



466 



1,322 



867 



Percentage of urban popu- 

 lation on total, 



15 



14 



12 



9 



7 



10 



4 



6 



The density of population in the Allahabad Division would be even larger per cultivated mile 

 than that of the Benares Division were not its limits extended to the Bundelkhand Districts of Banda 

 and Hamirpur, which are geographically distinct from the rest of its area. The fact that the culti- 

 vated area of the Himalayan hill tract supports a larger population than that of any other portion 

 of the Provinces is at first sight surprising, but indicates how closely density of population is connect- 



* Obtained by calculation only, since means of livelihood was only taken note of in case of persons engaged in some 

 occupation and not in case of their families, 



"j- In their own right, wives merely as such are not included. 



% " Urban " population includes the inhabitants of all towns consisting of a continuous group of buildings with a popula- 

 tion of 5,000 souls and upwards. 



