DENS MORE] 



PLANTS AS FOOD 



321 



Tilia americana L. Basswood. 



The sap next the bark was used similarly to the woodbine sirup. 



A Canadian Chippewa said that he peeled the outside bark from 

 the poplar and also the white birch, and scraped the inner bark, 

 obtaining a little sap which they put in a small makuk. He said 

 that it had a sweetish taste and " would keep quite a while." 



Fruits and Bekries 



Crataegus (species doubtful). Tliornapple. 



These were prepared by squeezing them in the hands, after which 

 they were made into little cakes without cooking, dried on birch- 

 bark and stored to be cooked in winter. 



Primus virginiana L. Chokecherry. 



These were pounded, stones and all, between two stones, and dried 

 similarly to the thornapples. 



Vitis cordifolia, Michx. Grape. 



Eaten raw. 

 Cormis canadensis L. Bunchberry. 



Berries eaten raw. 

 Fragaria virginiana Duchesne. Strawberry. 



Berries eaten raw. 



All the following berries were eaten raw as well as dried for 

 winter use. 



Primus serotina Ebrh. Wild cherry. 



Ribes triste Pall. Red currant. 



Ribes species. Wild currant. 



Primus americana Marsh. Chokecherry. 



Rubus frondosus Bigel (?). Blackberry. 



Rubus strigosus Michx. Red raspberry. 



The berries were cooked without sugar, spread on birch bark in 

 little cakes and dried, the cakes then stored in a birch-bark makuk 

 for winter use. 



Amelancliier canadensis (L.) Medic. Shadbush. 



These are called " Juneberries " by the Chippewa and are found 

 abundantly in their country. They are considered the simplest form 

 of refreshment. " Take some Juneberries with you," is a common 

 saying among the Chippewa. A certain song contains the words 

 " Juneberries I would take to eat on my journey if I were a 

 son-in-law." 4 



Oxijcoccus macrocarpus (Ait.) Pers. Cranberry. Cooked, probably with sugar. 

 Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. Blueberry. 



4 Bull. 53, Bur. Amer. Ethn., song No. 169. 



