372 USES OF PLANTS BY THE CHIPPEWA INDIANS [eth. ANN. 44 



light red. The piece of blanket was exposed to the weather for 

 several weeks and showed slight change of color. 



Cornus stolomfera Michx. Red-osier dogwood. 

 Alnus incana- (L.) Moench. Alder. 

 Hot water. 



The bark of these trees was used in equal parts. 



BLACK DYE 



The black rushes in the mat illustrated in Plate 48, a, were colored 

 with the first of these formulae. It was necessary to dip rushes every 

 day for about two weeks, boiling them a short time and then hang- 

 ing them up to dry. These rushes are a clear, heavy black. When 

 the process was completed and the black rushes were dry they were 

 rubbed thoroughly with a little lard " to make them shiny and 

 limber." 



First Formula 



Jufflans cmerea L. Butternut. 

 Corylus americana Walt. Hazel, green. 



These two were boiled together. 



Second Formula 

 Quercus macrocarpa Muhl. Bur oak. 



Jufflans cinerea L. Butternut. Inner bark and a little of the root. 

 Black earth. 

 Ochre. 

 Hot water. 



Directions. — Boil the barks and root; after a while put in the 

 black earth and later add the ochre. The more it is " boiled down " 

 the blacker will be the dye. It can be kept in a kettle and heated 

 when used. 



Third Formula 



Alnus incana (L.) Moench. Alder. 



Cornus stolonifera Michx. Red-osier dogwood. 



Quercus species. Oak. 



Either grindstone dust or black earth. 



Hot water. 



Fourth Formula 



Quercus macrocarpa Muhl. Bur oak. 

 Corylus americana Walt. Hazel. Green-burs. 

 Jufflans cinerea L. Butternut. 

 Black earth. 

 Hot water. 



Directions. — Put the inner bark of the oak and the green hazel 

 burs in hot water and boil ; add other ingredients later. Let it 

 stand a long time before using. 



