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USES OF PLANTS BY THE CHIPPEWA INDIANS [bth. ann. a 



Fourth Formula (Dark Yellow) 



Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot. Double handful of shredded root. 

 Primus americana Marsh. Wild plum. Single handful of shredded root. 

 Hot water. 



Boil these together. 



Fifth Formula (Bright Yellow) 



Coptis trifolia (L) Salisb. Goldthread. Roots. 

 Hot water. 



This plant has long slender roots and a great many were required. 

 As in other formulae, the material was boiled in the dye. 



Sixth Formula 



Rhus glabra L. Sumac. Inner bark. 

 Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot. Root. 

 Prunus americana Marsh. Wild plum. Inner bark. 

 Hot water. 



The inner bark of the plum was scraped, and it was said that this 

 was used " to set the color." 



Seventh Formula 



The formula next following was used in coloring a piece of white 

 blanket for the writer, and produced an ecru or " khaki " color. 

 The piece of blanket was exposed to the weather for several weeks 

 and showed no change in color. 



Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot. 

 Prunus americana Marsh. Wild plum. 

 Cornus stolonifera Miehx. Alder. 

 Hot water. 



PURPLE DYE 



The material used to secure this color is rotten maple wood. It is 

 difficult to obtain, as the w T ood must, be very old. 



Rotten maple, double handful. 

 Grindstone dust, single handful. 

 Hot water. 



The material is boiled in the dye, as in other colors. 



GREEN DYE 



The Chippewa in Minnesota do not color green with native dyes 

 but a birch-bark basket decorated with dried grass in a bright green 

 color was obtained in Ontario. The Chippewa woman who colored 

 it said that she used green dye, one plant ingredient in the dye being 

 obtained. It was impossible at that season of the year to obtain 

 the principal ingredient. 



