394 



USES OF PLANTS BY THE CHIPPEWA INDIANS [eth. ann. « 



seen, its opposite sides, of course, being alike. Other patterns pro- 

 duced by one folding of the bark are Plates 59, d, g ; 61, b, h; 62, g. 

 Sometimes a " running pattern " was made by folding the bark twice, 

 one fold being crosswise and the other the length of the strip. Ex- 

 amples of such patterns are Plate 62, i and k. More elaborate pat- 

 terns of this sort were made by folding the strip of bark crosswise 

 and also diagonally, producing such patterns as Plates 61, /', and 62, /. 

 Such patterns as these were copied in long strips of bead work used 

 as chains for the neck or as narrow headbands. The manner of fold- 

 ing the bark for patterns Plate 59, e, and I is clearly shown. 

 Several units were indented at the same time, forming a sort of 

 " running pattern," but without an actual connection between the 

 units. The most elaborate pattern of this type is Plate 61, c, in which 

 five figures were indented at the same time, representing a row of 

 dancers. 



The Indians seemed to prefer to indent two units at a time, in the 

 simpler unit patterns, while the larger and more elaborate unit pat- 

 terns were indented singly, thus securing fineness of detail. The 

 patterns shown in Plates 60, c, /, and g, and 62, c, were made double : 

 that is, two units were indented at the same time, the photograph 

 showing the clearer of the two. Distinct from these were the patterns 

 made singly which required several foldings and refoldings of the 

 bark. Such patterns were regarded somewhat as an artist regards his 

 sketches. They were exhibited and compared, and even exchanged 

 among persons proficient in this craft. 



Patterns which require only folds that are equally spaced and 

 radiate from a common center are Plates 59, a, b, /, k; 60, a, e; 

 and 61, g, k. Such a pattern may be inclosed in a line which is 

 folded and indented after the rest of the pattern is finished, as 

 in Plate 60, L and k. A close inspection of the specimen shown in 

 Plate 60, d, suggests that the border was indented with the rest of 

 the pattern. The folding in Plate 60, h, is shown in detail and 

 includes a diagonal fold intersecting the diagonals that radiate from 

 the center. A pentagonal form is shown in Plate 60, i. A somewhat 

 complicated folding was required for Plate 60, e, the bark being 

 folded crosswise, lengthwise, and diagonally, the pattern being 

 smoothed out between the several foldings and then creased for the 

 next part of the design. In Plate 61, a, we find a crease with inden- 

 tations along only a part of its length, beyond which the line divides 

 into two diagonals. These lines form the framework of the pattern, 

 like the stems of a cluster of flowers, which, with leaves, are pro- 

 duced by additional foldings of the bark. The pattern appears to 

 represent two conventionalized flowers, with leaves below them. 

 This pattern was made at White Earth. The design Plate 62, a, 

 bears a resemblance to it, and was made on the Manitou Rapids 



